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In-context machine translation (MT) with large language models (LLMs) is a promising approach for low-resource MT, as it can readily take advantage of linguistic resources such as grammar books and dictionaries. Such resources are usually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Renhao Pei , Yihong Liu , Peiqin Lin , François Yvon , Hinrich Schütze

Through the development of neural machine translation, the quality of machine translation systems has been improved significantly. By exploiting advancements in deep learning, systems are now able to better approximate the complex mapping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-03 Jan Niehues , Ngoc-Quan Pham , Thanh-Le Ha , Matthias Sperber , Alex Waibel

Parallel corpora play an important role in training machine translation (MT) models, particularly for low-resource languages where high-quality bilingual data is scarce. This review provides a comprehensive overview of available parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Rahul Raja , Arpita Vats

Bangla -- ranked as the 6th most widely spoken language across the world (https://www.ethnologue.com/guides/ethnologue200), with 230 million native speakers -- is still considered as a low-resource language in the natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Firoj Alam , Arid Hasan , Tanvirul Alam , Akib Khan , Janntatul Tajrin , Naira Khan , Shammur Absar Chowdhury

As an Indo-Aryan language with limited available data, Chakma remains largely underrepresented in language models. In this work, we introduce a novel corpus of contextually coherent Bangla-transliterated Chakma, curated from Chakma…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Adity Khisa , Nusrat Jahan Lia , Tasnim Mahfuz Nafis , Zarif Masud , Tanzir Pial , Shebuti Rayana , Ahmedul Kabir

Recent advances in word embeddings and language models use large-scale, unlabelled data and self-supervised learning to boost NLP performance. Multilingual models, often trained on web-sourced data like Wikipedia, face challenges: few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 David Ifeoluwa Adelani

Transfer learning has been proven as an effective technique for neural machine translation under low-resource conditions. Existing methods require a common target language, language relatedness, or specific training tricks and regimes. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Tom Kocmi , Ondřej Bojar

As low-resourced languages are increasingly incorporated into NLP research, there is an emphasis on collecting large-scale datasets. But in prioritizing quantity over quality, we risk 1) building language technologies that perform poorly…

A current problem in NLP is massaging and processing low-resource languages which lack useful training attributes such as supervised data, number of native speakers or experts, etc. This review paper concisely summarizes previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Alexandre Magueresse , Vincent Carles , Evan Heetderks

Language models are the foundation of current neural network-based models for natural language understanding and generation. However, research on the intrinsic performance of language models on African languages has been extremely limited,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Stuart Mesham , Luc Hayward , Jared Shapiro , Jan Buys

Multimodal machine translation is an attractive application of neural machine translation (NMT). It helps computers to deeply understand visual objects and their relations with natural languages. However, multimodal NMT systems suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Tosho Hirasawa , Hayahide Yamagishi , Yukio Matsumura , Mamoru Komachi

In this study, we develop Neural Machine Translation (NMT) and Transformer-based transfer learning models for English-to-Igbo translation - a low-resource African language spoken by over 40 million people across Nigeria and West Africa. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Ocheme Anthony Ekle , Biswarup Das

Many language pairs are low resource, meaning the amount and/or quality of available parallel data is not sufficient to train a neural machine translation (NMT) model which can reach an acceptable standard of accuracy. Many works have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Idris Abdulmumin , Bashir Shehu Galadanci , Abubakar Isa , Habeebah Adamu Kakudi , Ismaila Idris Sinan

Each new generation of English-oriented Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibits enhanced cross-lingual transfer capabilities and significantly outperforms older LLMs on low-resource languages. This prompts the question: Is there a need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Tamzeed Mahfuz , Satak Kumar Dey , Ruwad Naswan , Hasnaen Adil , Khondker Salman Sayeed , Haz Sameen Shahgir

The scarcity of large parallel corpora is an important obstacle for neural machine translation. A common solution is to exploit the knowledge of language models (LM) trained on abundant monolingual data. In this work, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Christos Baziotis , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

If today some African languages like Swahili have enough resources to develop high-performing Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems, many other languages spoken on the continent are still lacking such support. For these languages, still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Naira Abdou Mohamed , Zakarya Erraji , Abdessalam Bahafid , Imade Benelallam

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems built on multilingual sequence-to-sequence Language Models (msLMs) fail to deliver expected results when the amount of parallel data for a language, as well as the language's representation in the…

Low-resource African languages have not fully benefited from the progress in neural machine translation because of a lack of data. Motivated by this challenge we compare zero-shot learning, transfer learning and multilingual learning on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Evander Nyoni , Bruce A. Bassett

Structured prediction tasks, like machine translation, involve learning functions that map structured inputs to structured outputs. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have historically been a popular choice for such tasks, including in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Chris Emezue

Extremely low-resource (XLR) languages lack substantial corpora for training NLP models, motivating the use of all available resources such as dictionaries and grammar books. Machine Translation from One Book (Tanzer et al., 2024) suggests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Seth Aycock , David Stap , Di Wu , Christof Monz , Khalil Sima'an