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The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) (Levesque, Davis, and Morgenstern 2011), a benchmark for commonsense reasoning, is a set of 273 expert-crafted pronoun resolution problems originally designed to be unsolvable for statistical models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Keisuke Sakaguchi , Ronan Le Bras , Chandra Bhagavatula , Yejin Choi

Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) was proposed as an AI-hard problem in testing computers' intelligence on common sense representation and reasoning. This paper presents the new state-of-theart on WSC, achieving an accuracy of 71.1%. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Yu-Ping Ruan , Xiaodan Zhu , Zhen-Hua Ling , Zhan Shi , Quan Liu , Si Wei

Recent studies have significantly improved the state-of-the-art on common-sense reasoning (CSR) benchmarks like the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) and SWAG. The question we ask in this paper is whether improved performance on these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Paul Trichelair , Ali Emami , Adam Trischler , Kaheer Suleman , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

Performance on the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC), a respected English commonsense reasoning benchmark, recently rocketed from chance accuracy to 89% on the SuperGLUE leaderboard, with relatively little corroborating evidence of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Haokun Liu , William Huang , Dhara A. Mungra , Samuel R. Bowman

In this paper, we present the first comprehensive categorization of essential commonsense knowledge for answering the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC). For each of the questions, we invite annotators to first provide reasons for making…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Hongming Zhang , Xinran Zhao , Yangqiu Song

The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) is a natural language understanding task proposed as an alternative to the Turing test in 2011. In this work we attempt to solve WSC problems by reasoning with additional knowledge. By using an approach…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Arpit Sharma

Ambiguities in natural language give rise to probability distributions over interpretations. The distributions are often over multiple ambiguous words at a time; a multiplicity which makes them a suitable topic for sheaf-theoretic models of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Kin Ian Lo , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh , Shane Mansfield

Challenge sets such as the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) are used to benchmark systems' ability to resolve ambiguities in natural language. If one assumes as in existing work that solving a given challenge set is at least as difficult as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ian Porada , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC), a coreference resolution task testing common-sense reasoning through pronoun disambiguation, they struggle with instances that feature minor alterations or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Jing Han Sun , Ali Emami

The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) serves as a prominent benchmark for evaluating machine understanding. While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at answering WSC questions, their ability to generate such questions remains less explored.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Pardis Sadat Zahraei , Ali Emami

The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) is a common-sense reasoning task that requires background knowledge. In this paper, we contribute to tackling WSC in four ways. Firstly, we suggest a keyword method to define a restricted domain where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Suk Joon Hong , Brandon Bennett

Large-scale pretrained language models are the major driving force behind recent improvements in performance on the Winograd Schema Challenge, a widely employed test of common sense reasoning ability. We show, however, with a new diagnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Mostafa Abdou , Vinit Ravishankar , Maria Barrett , Yonatan Belinkov , Desmond Elliott , Anders Søgaard

The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) dataset WSC273 and its inference counterpart WNLI are popular benchmarks for natural language understanding and commonsense reasoning. In this paper, we show that the performance of three language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Vid Kocijan , Ana-Maria Cretu , Oana-Maria Camburu , Yordan Yordanov , Thomas Lukasiewicz

We introduce an automatic system that achieves state-of-the-art results on the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC), a common sense reasoning task that requires diverse, complex forms of inference and knowledge. Our method uses a knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Ali Emami , Noelia De La Cruz , Adam Trischler , Kaheer Suleman , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

In this study, we take a closer look at how Winograd schema challenges can be used to evaluate common sense reasoning in LLMs. Specifically, we evaluate generative models of different sizes on the popular WinoGrande benchmark. We release…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Ine Gevers , Victor De Marez , Luna De Bruyne , Walter Daelemans

The Winograd Schema (WS) has been proposed as a test for measuring commonsense capabilities of models. Recently, pre-trained language model-based approaches have boosted performance on some WS benchmarks but the source of improvement is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Yanai Elazar , Hongming Zhang , Yoav Goldberg , Dan Roth

Successful completion of reasoning task requires the agent to have relevant prior knowledge or some given context of the world dynamics. Usually, the information provided to the system for a reasoning task is just the query or some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Vatsal Mahajan

The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) is a test of machine intelligence, designed to be an improvement on the Turing test. A Winograd Schema consists of a sentence and a corresponding question. To successfully answer these questions, one…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Vatsal Mahajan

In the last decade, the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) has become a central aspect of the research community as a novel litmus test. Consequently, the WSC has spurred research interest because it can be seen as the means to understand…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Nicos Isaak , Loizos Michael

Commonsense reasoning is a long-standing challenge for deep learning. For example, it is difficult to use neural networks to tackle the Winograd Schema dataset (Levesque et al., 2011). In this paper, we present a simple method for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Trieu H. Trinh , Quoc V. Le
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