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Spin-orbit torques (SOTs) have opened a new path to switch the magnetization in perpendicularly magnetized films and are of great interest due to their potential applications in novel data storage technology, such as the magnetic random…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-02-02 Pan He , Xuepeng Qiu , Vanessa L. Zhang , Yang Wu , Meng Hau Kuok , Hyunsoo Yang

The discovery of efficient magnetization switching activated by the spin Hall effect (SHE)-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) changed the course of magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) research and development. However, for systems with…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-06-13 Chen-Yu Hu , Wei-De Chen , Yan-Ting Liu , Chao-Chun Huang , Chi-Feng Pai

Current-induced magnetization switching through spin-orbit torques (SOTs) is the fundamental building block of spin-orbitronics. The SOTs generally arise from the spin-orbit coupling of heavy metals. However, even in a heterostructure where…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-09-22 Hongyu An , Takeo Ohno , Yusuke Kanno , Yuito Kageyama , Yasuaki Monnai , Hideyuki Maki , Ji Shi , Kazuya Ando

We demonstrate spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching of amorphous CoTb single layer films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). The switching sustains even the film thickness is above 10 nm, where the critical switching current density…

Spin-orbit torques (SOTs) are widely used to control magnetization in nanoscale electric systems and are typically assumed to drive skyrmion nucleation and motion in a deterministic manner, especially in materials with strong…

Spin orbit torque (SOT) provides an efficient way of generating spin current that promises to significantly reduce the current required for switching nanomagnets. However, an in-plane current generated SOT cannot deterministically switch a…

Magnetization switching by current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) is of great interest due to its potential applications for ultralow-power memory and logic devices. In order to be of technological interest, SOT effects need to switch…

While current-induced bistate spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching has been well established, deterministic electrical control of multiple magnetic states remains a central challenge in spintronics. Here, we realize a conceptually new…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Fei Ye , Chunzheng Wang , Xue Zhang , Sihai Jiao , Zhongjie Wang , Long Cheng , Zhifeng Zhu , Chunlei Gao , Xiaofang Zhai

Spin-orbit-torque (SOT) induced magnetization switching in Co/Pt/Co trilayer, with two Co layers exhibiting magnetization easy axes orthogonal to each other is investigated. Pt layer is used as a source of spin-polarized current as it is…

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) induced magnetisation switching in CoFeB/Ta/CoFeB trilayer with two CoFeB layers exhibiting in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IPMA) and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is investigated. Interlayer exchange…

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) can drive sustained spin wave (SW) auto-oscillations in a class of emerging microwave devices known as spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNOs), which have highly non-linear properties governing robust mutual…

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) based magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is envisioned as an emerging non-volatile memory due to its ultra-high speed and low power consumption. The field-free switching schema in SOT devices is of great interest…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-07-03 Min Wang , Zhaohao Wang , Chao Wang , Weisheng Zhao

Neuromorphic hardware as a non-Von Neumann architecture has better energy efficiency and parallelism than the conventional computer. Here, with numerical modeling spin-orbit torque (SOT) device using current-induced SOT and Joule heating…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-04-19 Haotian Li , Liyuan Li , Kaiyuan Zhou , Chunjie Yan , Zhenyu Gao , Zishuang Li , Ronghua Liu

Exploiting current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) to manipulate the magnetic state of dipolar-coupled nanomagnet systems with in-plane magnetic anisotropy, such as artificial spin ices, provides a route to local,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 A. Pac , G. M. Macauley , J. A. Brock , A. Hrabec , A. Kurenkov , V. Raposo , E. Martinez , L. J. Heyderman

The control of magnetization by electric current is a rapidly developing area motivated by a strong synergy between breakthrough basic research discoveries and industrial applications in the fields of magnetic recording, magnetic field…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-09-05 Yucai Li , Kevin William Edmonds , Xionghua Liu , Houzhi Zheng , Kaiyou Wang

Spintronic devices as alternatives to traditional semiconductor-based electronic devices attract considerable interest as they offer zero quiescent power, built-in memory, scalability, and reconfigurability. To realize spintronic logic…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-12-04 Seung-heon Chris Baek , Kyung-Woong Park , Deok-Sin Kil , Kyung-Jin Lee , Byong-Guk Park

Since the discovery of the spin orbit torque (SOT) induced by spin Hall effect in heavy metals, much effort has been devoted to understanding the mechanism of the charge-to-spin conversion as well as to developing new schemes for high…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-04-15 Shengjie Shi , R. A. Buhrman

Recent years have witnessed growing interest in the field of brain-inspired computing based on neural-network architectures. In order to translate the related algorithmic models into powerful, yet energy-efficient cognitive-computing…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-06-17 Mrigank Sharad , D. Fan , Kaushik Roy

Voltage control of magnetism and spintronics have been highly desirable, but rarely realized. In this work, we show voltage-controlled spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching in W/CoFeB/MgO films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) with…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-02-04 Jinsong Xu , C. L. Chien

The electrical switching of antiferromagnet (AFM) is very important for the development of ultrafast magnetic random-access memory (MRAM). This task becomes more difficult in antiferromagnetic oxide NiO which has complex anisotropy. We show…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-11-13 Yixiao Qiao , Zhengde Xu , Zhuo Xu , Yumeng Yang , Zhifeng Zhu