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The recent submission of Google TPU-v3 Pods to the industry wide MLPerf v0.6 training benchmark demonstrates the scalability of a suite of industry relevant ML models. MLPerf defines a suite of models, datasets and rules to follow when…

Large language models have led to state-of-the-art accuracies across a range of tasks. However, training these models efficiently is challenging for two reasons: a) GPU memory capacity is limited, making it impossible to fit large models on…

Large-scale Ads recommendation and auction scoring models at Google scale demand immense computational resources. While specialized hardware like TPUs have improved linear algebra computations, bottlenecks persist in large-scale systems.…

The rapid scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has pushed training workloads far beyond the limits of single-node analysis, demanding a deeper understanding of how these models behave across large-scale, multi-GPU systems. In this paper,…

Data parallel ML models can take several days or weeks to train on several accelerators. The long duration of training relies on the cluster of resources to be available for the job to keep running for the entire duration. On a mesh network…

Characterizing and predicting the training performance of modern machine learning (ML) workloads on compute systems with compute and communication spread between CPUs, GPUs, and network devices is not only the key to optimization and…

Dramatic increases in the capabilities of neural network models in recent years are driven by scaling model size, training data, and corresponding computational resources. To develop the exceedingly large networks required in modern…

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on mobile devices faces the challenge of insufficient performance in smaller models and excessive resource consumption in larger ones. This paper highlights that mobile Neural Processing Units (NPUs)…

The recent Natural Language Processing techniques have been refreshing the state-of-the-art performance at an incredible speed. Training huge language models is therefore an imperative demand in both industry and academy. However, huge…

Data Parallelism (DP), Tensor Parallelism (TP), and Pipeline Parallelism (PP) are the three strategies widely adopted to enable fast and efficient Large Language Model (LLM) training. However, these approaches rely on data-intensive…

Deploying deep learning (DL) models across multiple compute devices to train large and complex models continues to grow in importance because of the demand for faster and more frequent training. Data parallelism (DP) is the most widely used…

Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to demonstrate superior performance with increasing scale, yet training models with billions to trillions of parameters requires staggering computational resources, e.g. a one-trillion-parameter…

In this paper we analyze, evaluate, and improve the performance of training generalized linear models on modern CPUs. We start with a state-of-the-art asynchronous parallel training algorithm, identify system-level performance bottlenecks,…

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), the demand for high-performance LLM inference services continues to grow. To meet this demand, a growing number of AI accelerators have been proposed, such as Google TPU, Huawei…

Recent years have seen the emergence of machine learning (ML) workloads deployed in warehouse-scale computing (WSC) settings, also known as ML fleets. As the computational demands placed on ML fleets have increased due to the rise of large…

AI accelerator processing capabilities and memory constraints largely dictate the scale in which machine learning workloads (e.g., training and inference) can be executed within a desirable time frame. Training a state of the art,…

Heavy communication, in particular, collective operations, can become a critical performance bottleneck in scaling the training of billion-parameter neural networks to large-scale parallel systems. This paper introduces a four-dimensional…

In large language model (LLM) training, several parallelization strategies, including Tensor Parallelism (TP), Pipeline Parallelism (PP), Data Parallelism (DP), as well as Sequence Parallelism (SP) and Context Parallelism (CP), are employed…

Large language models (LLMs) show best-in-class performance across a wide range of natural language processing applications. Training these models is an extremely computationally expensive task; frontier Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

With the increasing number of Machine and Deep Learning applications in High Energy Physics, easy access to dedicated infrastructure represents a requirement for fast and efficient R&D. This work explores different types of cloud services…