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Optical metasurfaces consist of a 2D arrangement of scatterers, and they control the amplitude, phase, and polarization of an incidence field on demand. Optical metasurfaces are the cornerstone for a future generation of flat optical…

Cooperative phenomena arising due to the coupling of individual atoms via the radiation field are a cornerstone of modern quantum and optical physics. Recent experiments on x-ray quantum optics added a new twist to this line of research by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-30 Paolo Longo , Christoph H. Keitel , Jörg Evers

Photochromic materials enable dynamic optical modulation through reversible transitions between distinct absorption states, with broad potential for smart windows, adaptive optics, and reconfigurable photonic devices. Micron-scale…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Bahrem Serhat Danis , Amin Tabatabaei Mohseni , Smagul Karazhanov , Esra Zayim

The fusion of artificial intelligence (AI) with physics-guided frameworks has opened transformative avenues for advancing the design and optimization of electromagnetic and nanophotonic systems. Innovations in deep neural networks (DNNs)…

Nonlinear optics is a rapidly growing field that has found a wide range of applications. A major limitation, however, is the demand of high power, especially for high-order nonlinearities. Here, by reconfiguring a multiple-scattering…

Optics · Physics 2022-08-19 Yaniv Eliezer , Ulrich Ruhrmair , Nils Wisiol , Stefan Bittner , Hui Cao

Diffractive optical elements that divide an input beam into a set of replicas are used in many optical applications ranging from image processing to communications. Their design requires time-consuming optimization processes, which, for a…

Photonic metasurfaces are ultrathin electromagnetic wave-molding metamaterials providing the missing link for the integration of nanophotonic chips with nanoelectronic circuits. An extra twist in this field originates from spin-optical…

Differentiable programming, enabled by automatic differentiation (AD), provides a robust framework for gradient-based optimization in computational plasma physics. While optimization is often only used towards design, we demonstrate that it…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 A. S. Joglekar , A. G. R. Thomas , A. L. Milder , K. G. Miller , J. P. Palastro , D. H. Froula

Metasurfaces with precise spectral and angular control of light scattering are of growing interest for photonic applications requiring advanced photon management. Correlated disorder emerged as a promising route for angular control of light…

The simulation of nanophotonic structures relies on electromagnetic solvers, which play a crucial role in understanding their behavior. However, these solvers often come with a significant computational cost, making their application in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Liang Cheng , Prashant Singh , Francesco Ferranti

Integrating conventional optics into compact nanostructured surfaces is the goal of flat optics. Despite the enormous progress of this technology, there are still critical challenges for real world applications due to a limited efficiency…

Conventional phased-array metasurfaces utilize resonant nanoparticles or nanowaveguides to specify spatially-dependent amplitude and phase responses to light. In nearly all these implementations, subwavelength-scale elements are stitched…

Optics · Physics 2017-10-17 Jianji Yang , David Sell , Jonathan A. Fan

Metamaterials are artificially created media, which allow introducing additional degrees of freedom into electromagnetic design by controlling constitutive material parameters. Reconfigurable time-dependent metamaterials can further enlarge…

The quintessential hallmark distinguishing metasurfaces from traditional optical components is the engineering of subwavelength meta-atoms to manipulate light at will. Enabling this freedom, in a reverse manner, to control objects…

We introduce a new method for inverse design of nanophotonic devices which guarantees that resulting designs satisfy strict length scale constraints - including minimum width and spacing constraints required by commercial semiconductor…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Martin F. Schubert , Alfred K. C. Cheung , Ian A. D. Williamson , Aleksandra Spyra , David H. Alexander

Rapid advances in deep learning have led to paradigm shifts in a number of fields, from medical image analysis to autonomous systems. These advances, however, have resulted in digital neural networks with large computational requirements,…

Controlling the flow of broadband electromagnetic energy at the nanoscale remains a critical challenge in optoelectronics. Surface plasmon polaritons (or plasmons) provide subwavelength localization of light, but are affected by significant…

Optics · Physics 2022-02-15 Maxim S. Elizarov , Yuri S. Kivshar , A. Fratalocchi

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable breakthroughs by leveraging multiple layers of data processing to extract hidden representations, albeit at the cost of large electronic computing power. To enhance energy efficiency and speed,…

The miniaturization and mobility of computer vision systems are limited by the heavy computational burden and the size of optical lenses. Here, we propose to use a ultra-thin diffractive optical element to implement passive optical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Zihan Zang , Haoqiang Wang , Yunpeng Xu