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Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) are fundamental to quantum machine learning (QML), quantum optimization, and variational quantum algorithms (VQAs). The expressibility of PQCs is a measure that determines their capability to harness…

The superiority of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) such as quantum neural networks (QNNs) and variational quantum eigen-solvers (VQEs) heavily depends on the expressivity of the employed ansatze. Namely, a simple ansatze is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Yuxuan Du , Zhuozhuo Tu , Xiao Yuan , Dacheng Tao

Variational quantum algorithms have emerged as a leading paradigm that extracts practical computation from near-term intermediate-scale quantum devices, enabling advances in quantum chemistry simulations, combinatorial optimization, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Manish Mallapur , Ronit Raj , Ankur Raina

In the context of Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs), selecting an appropriate ansatz is crucial for efficient problem-solving. Hamiltonian expressibility has been introduced as a metric to quantify a circuit's ability to uniformly…

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a powerful class of algorithms that is highly suitable for noisy quantum devices. Therefore, investigating their design has become key in quantum computing research. Previous works have…

The execution of quantum circuits on real systems has largely been limited to those which are simply time-ordered sequences of unitary operations followed by a projective measurement. As hardware platforms for quantum computing continue to…

Parameterized quantum circuits play a key role for the development of quantum variational algorithms in the realm of the NISQ era. Knowing their actual capability of performing different kinds of tasks is then of the utmost importance. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-31 Guilherme Ilário Correr , Pedro C. Azado , Diogo O. Soares-Pinto , Gabriel Carlo

To execute quantum circuits on a quantum processor, they must be modified to meet the physical constraints of the quantum device. This process, called quantum circuit mapping, results in a gate/circuit depth overhead that depends on both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-10 Medina Bandić , Carmen G. Almudever , Sebastian Feld

With the advent of hybrid quantum classical algorithms using parameterized quantum circuits the question of how to optimize these algorithms and circuits emerges. In this paper we show that the number of single-qubit rotations in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-29 S. E. Rasmussen , N. J. S. Loft , T. Bækkegaard , M. Kues , N. T. Zinner

Driven by potential exponential speedups in business, security, and scientific scenarios, interest in quantum computing is surging. This interest feeds the development of quantum computing hardware, but several challenges arise in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-11 Junghoon Chae , Chad A. Steed , Travis S. Humble

Expressibility is a crucial factor of a Parameterized Quantum Circuit (PQC). In the context of Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQA) based Quantum Machine Learning (QML), a QML model composed of highly expressible PQC and sufficient number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-12 Yu Liu , Kentaro Baba , Kazuya Kaneko , Naoyuki Takeda , Junpei Koyama , Koichi Kimura

As the width and depth of quantum circuits implemented by state-of-the-art quantum processors rapidly increase, circuit analysis and assessment via classical simulation are becoming unfeasible. It is crucial, therefore, to develop new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Fernando A. Calderon-Vargas , Timothy Proctor , Kenneth Rudinger , Mohan Sarovar

Classical optimization of parameterized quantum circuits is a widely studied methodology for the preparation of complex quantum states, as well as the solution of machine learning and optimization problems. However, it is well known that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 Abhinav Deshpande , Marcel Hinsche , Khadijeh Najafi , Kunal Sharma , Ryan Sweke , Christa Zoufal

Unitary and non-unitary diagonal operators are fundamental building blocks in quantum algorithms with applications in the resolution of partial differential equations, Hamiltonian simulations, the loading of classical data on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Julien Zylberman , Ugo Nzongani , Andrea Simonetto , Fabrice Debbasch

Ansatz selection is a key factor in the performance of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs). While much of the state-of-the-art still relies on heuristic choices, an inadequate circuit structure can compromise both the expressive power and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Rodrigo M. Sanz , Andreu Angles-Castillo , Eduard Alarcon , Carmen G Almudever

Quantum computing devices require exceptional control of their experimental parameters to prepare quantum states and simulate other quantum systems. Classical optimization procedures used to find such optimal control parameters, have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-18 Matthew Duschenes , Juan Carrasquilla , Raymond Laflamme

Many promising quantum algorithms in economics, medical science, and material science rely on circuits that are parameterized by a large number of angles. To ensure that these algorithms are efficient, these parameterized circuits must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Neil J. Ross , Scott Wesley

Quantum machine learning has shown promise for high-dimensional data analysis, yet many existing approaches rely on linear unitary operations and shared trainable parameters across outputs. These constraints limit expressivity and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Viktoria Patapovich , Maniraman Periyasamy , Mo Kordzanganeh , Alexey Melnikov

Quantum computing holds the potential to revolutionize various fields by efficiently tackling complex problems. At its core are quantum circuits, sequences of quantum gates manipulating quantum states. The selection of the right quantum…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Xiaoyu Guo , Takahiro Muta , Jianjun Zhao

Despite the rapid development of quantum computing these years, state-of-the-art quantum devices still contain only a very limited number of qubits. One possible way to execute more realistic algorithms in near-term quantum devices is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-04 Xin Hong , Yuan Feng , Sanjiang Li , Mingsheng Ying