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In this paper, we identify a new form of attack, called the Balance attack, against proof-of-work blockchain systems. The novelty of this attack consists of delaying network communications between multiple subgroups of nodes with balanced…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-01-02 Christopher Natoli , Vincent Gramoli

In the past decades, the blockchain technology has attracted tremendous attention from both academia and industry. The popularity of blockchain networks was originated from a crypto-currency to serve as a decentralized and tamperproof…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Ziyao Liu , Nguyen Cong Luong , Wenbo Wang , Dusit Niyato , Ping Wang , Ying-Chang Liang , Dong In Kim

Decentralization is widely recognized as a crucial characteristic of blockchains that enables them to resist malicious attacks such as the 51% attack and the takeover attack. Prior research has primarily examined decentralization in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Chao Li , Balaji Palanisamy , Runhua Xu , Li Duan

Proof of work cryptocurrencies began with the promise of a more egalitarian future with a decentralized monetary system with no powerful entities in charge. While this vision is far from realized, these cryptocurrencies are still touted to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Sishan Long , Soumya Basu , Emin Gün Sirer

A blockchain-based framework for distributed agile software testing life cycle is an innovative approach that uses blockchain technology to optimize the software testing process. Previously, various methods were employed to address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Muhammad Shoaib Farooq , Fatima Ahmed

We present a methodology for evidence based design of cryptoeconomic systems, and elucidate a real-world example of how this methodology was used in the design of a blockchain network. This work provides a rare insight into the application…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Marek Laskowski , Michael Zargham , Hjalmar Turesson , Matt Barlin , Danil Kabanov , Eden Dhaliwal

Decentralized services are increasingly being developed and their Decentralized applications are increasingly developed but their performance metrics are not tested enough. The total number of transactions that can be supported by the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Melih Birim , Hüseyin Emre Ari , Enis Karaarslan

Current blockchain technologies provide very limited means of interoperability. In particular, solutions enabling blockchains to verify the existence of data on other blockchains are either very costly or are not fully decentralized. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Philipp Frauenthaler , Marten Sigwart , Christof Spanring , Stefan Schulte

As a disruptive technology that originates from cryptocurrency, blockchain provides a trusted platform to facilitate industrial IoT (IIoT) applications. However, implementing a blockchain platform in IIoT scenarios confronts various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Qing Yang , Hao Wang , Xiaoxiao Wu , Taotao Wang , Shengli Zhang , Naijin Liu

This paper describes the work carried out by the Inter-American Development Bank, the IDB Lab, LACChain, Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC), and Tecnologico de Monterrey to identify and eliminate quantum threats in blockchain networks. The…

Thanks to the advances in machine learning, data-driven analysis tools have become valuable solutions for various applications. However, there still remain essential challenges to develop effective data-driven methods because of the need to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Gihan J. Mendis , Yifu Wu , Jin Wei , Moein Sabounchi , Rigoberto Roche'

Blockchain, the technology behind the popular Bitcoin, is considered a "security by design" system as it is meant to create security among a group of distrustful parties yet without a central trusted authority. The security of blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Yang Xiao , Ning Zhang , Wenjing Lou , Y. Thomas Hou

In this paper, we describe LUNES-Blockchain, an agent-based simulator of blockchains that is able to exploit Parallel and Distributed Simulation (PADS) techniques to offer a high level of scalability. To assess the preliminary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Edoardo Rosa , Gabriele D'Angelo , Stefano Ferretti

Blockchain gaming is an emerging entertainment paradigm. However, blockchain games are still suffering from security issues, due to the immature blockchain technologies and its unsophisticated developers. In this work, we analyzed the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Tian Min , Wei Cai

FlyClient is a lightweight blockchain verification protocol that enables proof-of-work validation using minimal data, making it ideal for resource-constrained environments like mobile wallets, Internet-of-Things devices or cross-chain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Pericle Perazzo , Dario Capecchi

Owing to some special characteristics and features, blockchain is a very useful technique that can securely organize diverse devices in a smart city. It finds wide applications, especially in distributed environments, where entities such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Jiahui Chen , Wensheng Gan , Muchuang Hu , Chien-Ming Chen

In the area of blockchain, numerous methods have been proposed for suppressing intentional forks by attackers more effectively than the random rule. However, all of them, except for the random rule, require major updates, rely on a trusted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Akira Sakurai , Kazuyuki Shudo

A smart grid is an important application in Industry 4.0 with a lot of new technologies and equipment working together. Hence, sensitive data stored in the smart grid is vulnerable to malicious modification and theft. This paper proposes a…

In order to bring quantum networks into the real world, we would like to determine the requirements of quantum network protocols including the underlying quantum hardware. Because detailed architecture proposals are generally too complex…

In the paper, we present designs for multiple blockchain consensus primitives and a novel blockchain system, all based on the use of trusted execution environments (TEEs), such as Intel SGX-enabled CPUs. First, we show how using TEEs for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-17 Mitar Milutinovic , Warren He , Howard Wu , Maxinder Kanwal