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This text will appear as Section II of Chapter 5 of the book "Black Holes in the Era of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy". As a stand alone text, it serves as a brief overview of astrophysics and gravitational wave radiation of extreme mass…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-27 Andrea Derdzinski , Lorenz Zwick

The forthcoming space-based gravitational-wave observatory Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) should enable the detection of Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals (EMRIs), in which a stellar-mass compact object gradually inspirals into a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-23 Michal Stratený , Georgios Lukes-Gerakopoulos , Ondřej Zelenka

The capture and inspiral of compact stellar masses into massive black holes is an important source of low-frequency gravitational waves (with frequencies of ~1-100mHz), such as those that might be detected by the planned Laser…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 Jonathan R Gair , Daniel J Kennefick , Shane L Larson

The exploration of dark sector interactions via gravitational waves (GWs) from binary inspirals has been a subject of recent interest. We study dark forces using extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), pointing out two issues of interest.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-13 Badal Bhalla , Kuver Sinha , Tao Xu

Wet extreme mass-ratio inspirals (wet EMRIs), which arise from stellar-mass black holes inspiral into supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within the gas-rich environments of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), are primary sources of gravitational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-05 Zhenwei Lyu , Zhen Pan , Junjie Mao , Ning Jiang , Huan Yang

A small body orbiting around an accreting massive object and periodically crossing its accretion disk is a common configuration in astrophysics. In this work, we investigate the secular evolution of extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-26 Yuhe Zeng , Zhen Pan

We intend to develop part of the theoretical tools needed for the detection of gravitational waves coming from the capture of a compact object, 1-100 solar masses, by a Supermassive Black Hole, up to a 10 billion solar masses, located at…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-09-11 Alessandro Spallicci , Patxi Ritter , Sylvain Jubertie , Stèphane Cordier , Sofiane Aoudia

Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals (EMRIs) can be classified as dry EMRIs and wet EMRIs based on their formation mechanisms. Dry (or the "loss-cone") EMRIs, previously considered as the main EMRI sources for the Laser Interferometer Space…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-09-08 Zhen Pan , Zhenwei Lyu , Huan Yang

Extreme mass ratio inspirals, compact objects spiraling into massive black holes, represent key sources for future space-based gravitational-wave detectors such as LISA. The inspirals will occur within rich astrophysical environments…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-22 Lukáš Polcar , Vojtěch Witzany

The future space-based gravitational wave observatories are expected to provide unprecedented opportunities to explore intricate characteristics of black hole binaries, particularly for extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), in which a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-24 Tieguang Zi , Shailesh Kumar

We study the evolution of eccentric, equatorial extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) immersed in the accretion disks of active galactic nuclei. We find that single gravitational-wave observations from these systems could provide…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-30 Francisco Duque , Shubham Kejriwal , Laura Sberna , Lorenzo Speri , Jonathan Gair

Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are promising gravitational-wave (GW) sources for space-based GW detectors. EMRI signals typically have long durations, ranging from several months to several years, necessitating highly accurate GW…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-27 Lu-Jia Xu , Shu-Cheng Yang , Wen-Biao Han , Xing-Yu Zhong , Run-Dong Tang , Yuan-Hao Zhang

Systems consisting of a massive black hole and a stellar-origin compact object (CO), known as extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), are of great significance for space-based gravitational-wave detectors, as they will allow for testing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-06 Hui-Min Fan , Yi-Ming Hu , Enrico Barausse , Alberto Sesana , Jian-dong Zhang , Xuefeng Zhang , Tie-Guang Zi , Jianwei Mei

Measurements of gravitational waves from the inspiral of a stellar-mass compact object into a massive black hole are unique probes to test General Relativity (GR) and MBH properties, as well as the stellar distribution about these holes in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Pau Amaro-Seoane , Patrick Brem , Jorge Cuadra , Philip J. Armitage

Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals (EMRIs) are one of the most promising sources of gravitational waves (GWs) for space-based detectors like the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). EMRIs consist of a compact stellar object orbiting around…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-06-05 Priscilla Canizares , Jonathan R. Gair , Carlos F. Sopuerta

The largest part of any gravitational-wave inspiral of a compact binary can be understood as a slow, adiabatic drift between the trajectories of a certain referential conservative system. In many contexts, the phase space of this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-23 Georgios Lukes-Gerakopoulos , Vojtěch Witzany

The coalescence of stellar-mass primordial black holes (PBHs) might explain some of the gravitation waves (GWs) events detected by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA. On the other hand, observational hints for supermassive PBHs (SMPBHs) have been…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-21 Hai-Long Huang , Tian-Yi Song , Yun-Song Piao

The inspirals of stellar-mass compact objects into supermassive black holes are some of the most important sources for LISA. Detection techniques based on fully coherent matched filtering have been shown to be computationally intractable.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Linqing Wen , Jonathan R Gair

Extreme mass-ratio inspirals, a target source for the space-based gravitational wave detector LISA, are a sensitive probe of fundamental scalar fields coupled to gravity. We assess the capability of LISA to detect whether the secondary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-19 Matteo Della Rocca , Susanna Barsanti , Leonardo Gualtieri , Andrea Maselli

Compact remnants on orbits with peri-apses close to the Schwarzschild radius of a massive black hole (MBH) lose orbital energy by emitting gravitational waves (GWs) and spiral in. Scattering with other stars allows successful inspiral of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Clovis Hopman