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Machine learning has become an important component for many systems and applications including computer vision, spam filtering, malware and network intrusion detection, among others. Despite the capabilities of machine learning algorithms…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-14 Andrea Paudice , Luis Muñoz-González , Andras Gyorgy , Emil C. Lupu

This thesis focuses on improving the pre-training of natural language models using unsupervised raw data to make them more efficient and aligned with downstream applications. In the first part, we introduce three alternative pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Luca Di Liello

Malicious advertisement URLs pose a security risk since they are the source of cyber-attacks, and the need to address this issue is growing in both industry and academia. Generally, the attacker delivers an attack vector to the user by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Ehsan Nowroozi , Abhishek , Mohammadreza Mohammadi , Mauro Conti

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) enhanced with Machine Learning (ML) have demonstrated the capacity to efficiently build a prototype of "normal" cyber behaviors in order to detect cyber threats' activity with greater accuracy than…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Vance Wong , John Emanuello

DL-based automatic modulation classification (AMC) models are highly susceptible to adversarial attacks, where even minimal input perturbations can cause severe misclassifications. While adversarially training an AMC model based on an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Amirmohammad Bamdad , Ali Owfi , Fatemeh Afghah

Large language models (LLMs) have become integral to various real-world applications, leveraging massive, web-sourced datasets like Common Crawl, C4, and FineWeb for pretraining. While these datasets provide linguistic data essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Sai Krishna Mendu , Harish Yenala , Aditi Gulati , Shanu Kumar , Parag Agrawal

The binary exponential backoff scheme is widely used in WiFi 7 and still incurs poor throughput performance under dynamic channel environments. Recent model-based approaches (e.g., non-persistent and $p$-persistent CSMA) simply optimize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Shugang Hao , Hongbo Li , Lingjie Duan

As machine learning becomes widely used for automated decisions, attackers have strong incentives to manipulate the results and models generated by machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we perform the first systematic study of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Matthew Jagielski , Alina Oprea , Battista Biggio , Chang Liu , Cristina Nita-Rotaru , Bo Li

Catching and attributing code change-induced performance regressions in production is hard; predicting them beforehand, even harder. A primer on automatically learning to predict performance regressions in software, this article gives an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Moritz Beller , Hongyu Li , Vivek Nair , Vijayaraghavan Murali , Imad Ahmad , Jürgen Cito , Drew Carlson , Ari Aye , Wes Dyer

As machine learning systems grow in scale, so do their training data requirements, forcing practitioners to automate and outsource the curation of training data in order to achieve state-of-the-art performance. The absence of trustworthy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Micah Goldblum , Dimitris Tsipras , Chulin Xie , Xinyun Chen , Avi Schwarzschild , Dawn Song , Aleksander Madry , Bo Li , Tom Goldstein

Transformers have shown a remarkable ability for in-context learning (ICL), making predictions based on contextual examples. However, while theoretical analyses have explored this prediction capability, the nature of the inferred context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Fei Lu , Yue Yu

Pre-training language models (LMs) on large-scale unlabeled text data makes the model much easier to achieve exceptional downstream performance than their counterparts directly trained on the downstream tasks. In this work, we study what…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

Transformers have gained popularity in the software engineering (SE) literature. These deep learning models are usually pre-trained through a self-supervised objective, meant to provide the model with basic knowledge about a language of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Rosalia Tufano , Luca Pascarella , Gabriele Bavota

In this paper, we study how the intrinsic nature of pre-training data contributes to the fine-tuned downstream performance. To this end, we pre-train different transformer-based masked language models on several corpora with certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

Machine learning (ML) is promising in accurately detecting malicious flows in encrypted network traffic; however, it is challenging to collect a training dataset that contains a sufficient amount of encrypted malicious data with correct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Yuqi Qing , Qilei Yin , Xinhao Deng , Yihao Chen , Zhuotao Liu , Kun Sun , Ke Xu , Jia Zhang , Qi Li

In the context of cybersecurity of modern communications networks, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have been continuously improved, many of them incorporating machine learning (ML) techniques to identify threats. Although there are…

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models designed for coding tasks are increasingly employed as AI coding assistants. However, the cybersecurity vulnerabilities and implications arising from the widespread integration of these models are not…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Md Imran Hossen , Sai Venkatesh Chilukoti , Liqun Shan , Sheng Chen , Yinzhi Cao , Xiali Hei

On the path to establishing a global cybersecurity framework where each enterprise shares information about malicious behavior, an important question arises. How can a machine learning representation characterizing a cyber attack on one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Casey Kneale , Kolia Sadeghi

Semi-supervised machine learning (SSL) is gaining popularity as it reduces the cost of training ML models. It does so by using very small amounts of (expensive, well-inspected) labeled data and large amounts of (cheap, non-inspected)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Virat Shejwalkar , Lingjuan Lyu , Amir Houmansadr

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown to be a great success in a wide range of applications ranging from regular NLP-based use cases to AI agents. LLMs have been trained on a vast corpus of texts from various sources; despite the best…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Abhinav Joshi , Shaswati Saha , Divyaksh Shukla , Sriram Vema , Harsh Jhamtani , Manas Gaur , Ashutosh Modi