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Active matter systems are driven out of equilibrium at the level of individual constituents. One widely studied class are systems of athermal particles that move under the combined influence of interparticle interactions and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-08-26 Elijah Flenner , Grzegorz Szamel

We consider a Brownian particle which, in addition to being in contact with a thermal bath, is driven by fluctuating forces which stem from active processes in the system, such as self-propulsion or collisions with other active particles.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-04-24 Lennart Dabelow , Stefano Bo , Ralf Eichhorn

Inertial effects affecting both the translational and rotational dynamics are inherent to a broad range of active systems at the macroscopic scale. Thus, there is a pivotal need for proper models in the framework of active matter to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-05-10 Alexander R. Sprenger , Lorenzo Caprini , Hartmut Löwen , René Wittmann

Active matter describes systems whose constituents convert energy from their surroundings into directed motion, such as bacteria or catalytic colloids. We establish a thermodynamic law for dilute suspensions of interacting active particles…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-22 Lennart Dabelow , Ralf Eichhorn

Active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles (AOUPs) are overdamped particles in an interaction potential subject to external Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noises. They can be transformed into a system of underdamped particles under additional velocity…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-08-14 L. L. Bonilla

By employing a path integral formulation, we obtain the entropy production rate for a system of active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles (AOUP) both in the presence and in the absence of thermal noise. The present treatment clarifies some…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-09-04 Lorenzo Caprini , Umberto Marini Bettolo Marconi , Andrea Puglisi , Angelo Vulpiani

We evaluate the steady-state distribution and escape rate for an Active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Particle (AOUP) using methods from the theory of large deviations. The calculation is carried out both for small and large memory times of the active…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-08-31 Eric Woillez , Yariv Kafri , Vivien Lecomte

An information particle can acquire active-like motion through transforming the information entropy into effective self-propulsion velocity/force using the attached information engine. We consider an underdamped Brownian particle…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-09 Xin Song , Xiji Shao , Yanwen Zhu , Cheng Yang , Linli He , Shigeyuki Komura , Zhanglin Hou

The power spectral density (PSD) is a central frequency-domain descriptor of stochastic processes. While PSDs have been studied for Brownian motion and a few anomalous diffusion processes, the spectral densities of active nonequilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-12 Yeongjin Kim , Gleb Oshanin , Jae-Hyung Jeon

The Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is interpreted as Brownian motion in a harmonic potential. This Gaussian Markov process has a bounded variance and admits a stationary probability distribution, in contrast to the standard Brownian motion. It…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-06-07 Pece Trajanovski , Petar Jolakoski , Kiril Zelenkovski , Alexander Iomin , Ljupco Kocarev , Trifce Sandev

The defining feature of active particles is that they constantly propel themselves by locally converting chemical energy into directed motion. This active self-propulsion prevents them from equilibrating with their thermal environment…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-03-26 Lennart Dabelow , Stefano Bo , Ralf Eichhorn

We review and extend recent developments on the statistical properties of Active Ornstein Uhlenbeck particles (AOUPs). In this simplest of models, the Gaussian white noise of overdamped Brownian colloids is replaced by a Gaussian colored…

The Ornstein--Uhlenbeck Particle (OUP) model imagines a microscopic swimmer propelled by an active force which is correlated with itself on a finite time-scale. Here we investigate the influence of external potentials on an ideal suspension…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-04-09 Cato Sandford , Alexander Y. Grosberg

Self-propelled particles, which convert energy into mechanical motion, exhibit inertia if they have a macroscopic size or move inside a gaseous medium, in contrast to micron-sized overdamped particles immersed in a viscous fluid. Here we…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-11-08 G. H. Philipp Nguyen , René Wittmann , Hartmut Löwen

We propose a new overarching model for self-propelled particles that flexibly generates a full family of "descendants". The general dynamics introduced in this paper, which we denote as "parental" active model (PAM), unifies two special…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-03-15 Lorenzo Caprini , Alexander Ralf Sprenger , Hartmut Löwen , René Wittmann

By working in the small persistence time limit, we determine the steady-state distribution of an Active Ornstein Uhlenbeck Particle (AOUP) experiencing, in addition to self-propulsion, a Gaussian white noise modelling a bath at temperature…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-05-26 David Martin , Thibaut Arnoulx de Pirey

We study a system of active particles with soft repulsive interactions that lead to an active cluster-crystal phase in two dimensions. We use two different modelizations of the active force - Active Brownian particles (ABP) and…

Active Matter models commonly consider particles with overdamped dynamics subject to a force (speed) with constant modulus and random direction. Some models include also random noise in particle displacement (Wiener process) resulting in a…

Fluctuations play an important role in the dynamics of stochastic systems. In particular, for small systems, the most probable thermodynamic quantities differ from their averages because of the fluctuations. Using the Onsager Machlup…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-16 Sandipan Dutta

We present a theoretical framework that enables investigating rare transitions in a general model of an active particle in an external potential, with the thermal Active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Particle (AOUP) appearing as a special case. Using…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-20 Vito Seinen , Peter G. Bolhuis , Daan Crommelin , Sara Jabbari Farouji , Michel Mandjes
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