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Prototype-based interpretability methods provide intuitive explanations of model prediction by comparing samples to a reference set of memorized exemplars or typical representatives in terms of similarity. In the field of sequential data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Yifei Zhang , Neng Gao , Cunqing Ma

Visual prompt tuning offers significant advantages for adapting pre-trained visual foundation models to specific tasks. However, current research provides limited insight into the interpretability of this approach, which is essential for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yubin Wang , Xinyang Jiang , De Cheng , Xiangqian Zhao , Zilong Wang , Dongsheng Li , Cairong Zhao

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable performance in various text-based tasks but often lack interpretability, making them less suitable for applications where transparency is critical. To address this, we propose ProtoLens, a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Bowen Wei , Ziwei Zhu

Although prototype-based explanations provide a human-understandable way of representing model predictions they often fail to direct user attention to the most relevant features. We propose a novel approach to identify the most informative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Jacek Karolczak , Jerzy Stefanowski

Deep learning models achieve remarkable predictive performance, yet their black-box nature limits transparency and trustworthiness. Although numerous explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods have been proposed, they primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Jiarui Li , Zixiang Yin , Samuel J Landry , Zhengming Ding , Ramgopal R. Mettu

Prototype-based explanations offer an intuitive, example-based approach to support the interpretability of machine learning black box classifiers but often lack feature-level granularity. We introduce a framework that integrates feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jacek Karolczak , Jerzy Stefanowski

Interpretability is essential for deploying object detection systems in critical applications, especially under low-quality imaging conditions that degrade visual information and increase prediction uncertainty. Existing methods either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jianlin Xiang , Linhui Dai , Xue Yang , Chaolei Yang , Yanshan Li

Aligning machine representations with human understanding is key to improving interpretability of machine learning (ML) models. When classifying a new image, humans often explain their decisions by decomposing the image into concepts and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Sarath Sivaprasad , Dmitry Kangin , Plamen Angelov , Mario Fritz

The use of deep neural models for diagnosis prediction from clinical text has shown promising results. However, in clinical practice such models must not only be accurate, but provide doctors with interpretable and helpful results. We…

Quantifying the degree of similarity between images is a key copyright issue for image-based machine learning. In legal doctrine however, determining the degree of similarity between works requires subjective analysis, and fact-finders…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Alessandro Achille , Greg Ver Steeg , Tian Yu Liu , Matthew Trager , Carson Klingenberg , Stefano Soatto

Prototypical parts networks combine the power of deep learning with the explainability of case-based reasoning to make accurate, interpretable decisions. They follow the this looks like that reasoning, representing each prototypical part…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Mateusz Pach , Dawid Rymarczyk , Koryna Lewandowska , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński

Prototypical part network (ProtoPNet) methods have been designed to achieve interpretable classification by associating predictions with a set of training prototypes, which we refer to as trivial prototypes because they are trained to lie…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Chong Wang , Yuyuan Liu , Yuanhong Chen , Fengbei Liu , Yu Tian , Davis J. McCarthy , Helen Frazer , Gustavo Carneiro

Prototypical part network (ProtoPNet) has drawn wide attention and boosted many follow-up studies due to its self-explanatory property for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). However, when directly applying ProtoPNet on vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Mengqi Xue , Qihan Huang , Haofei Zhang , Jingwen Hu , Jie Song , Mingli Song , Canghong Jin

We consider the problem of visually explaining similarity models, i.e., explaining why a model predicts two images to be similar in addition to producing a scalar score. While much recent work in visual model interpretability has focused on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Meng Zheng , Srikrishna Karanam , Terrence Chen , Richard J. Radke , Ziyan Wu

We combine concept-based neural networks with generative, flow-based classifiers into a novel, intrinsically explainable, exactly invertible approach to supervised learning. Prototypical neural networks, a type of concept-based neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Zachariah Carmichael , Timothy Redgrave , Daniel Gonzalez Cedre , Walter J. Scheirer

The growing interest in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has stimulated research on models with built-in interpretability, among which part-prototype models are particularly prominent. Part-Prototype Models (PPMs) classify inputs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Khawla Elhadri , Tomasz Michalski , Adam Wróbel , Jörg Schlötterer , Bartosz Zieliński , Christin Seifert

We introduce Prototype Generation, a stricter and more robust form of feature visualisation for model-agnostic, data-independent interpretability of image classification models. We demonstrate its ability to generate inputs that result in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Arush Tagade , Jessica Rumbelow

In high-stakes settings, Machine Learning models that can provide predictions that are interpretable for humans are crucial. This is even more true with the advent of complex deep learning based models with a huge number of tunable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Merel de Leeuw den Bouter , Javier Lloret Pardo , Zeno Geradts , Marcel Worring

Understanding why a classification model prefers one class over another for an input instance is the challenge of contrastive explanation. This work implements concept-based contrastive explanations for image classification by leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yuliia Kaidashova , Bettina Finzel , Ute Schmid

We introduce ProtoPool, an interpretable image classification model with a pool of prototypes shared by the classes. The training is more straightforward than in the existing methods because it does not require the pruning stage. It is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Dawid Rymarczyk , Łukasz Struski , Michał Górszczak , Koryna Lewandowska , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński