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While the environmental impact of digitalization is becoming more and more evident, the climate crisis has become a major issue for society. For instance, data centers alone account for 2.7% of Europe's energy consumption today. A…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Henrik Claßen , Jonas Thierfeldt , Julian Tochman-Szewc , Philipp Wiesner , Odej Kao

Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently spearheaded by machine learning (ML) methods such as deep learning which have accelerated progress on many tasks thought to be out of reach of AI. These recent ML methods are often compute hungry,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Dustin Wright , Christian Igel , Gabrielle Samuel , Raghavendra Selvan

Over the past decade, the continuous surge in cloud computing demand has intensified data center workloads, leading to significant carbon emissions and driving the need for improving their efficiency and sustainability. This paper focuses…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Enno Breukelman , Sophie Hall , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Florian Dörfler

Climate change is a pressing issue that is currently affecting and will affect every part of our lives. It's becoming incredibly vital we, as a society, address the climate crisis as a universal effort, including those in the Computer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Andre Fu , Mahdi S. Hosseini , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis

The proliferation of latency-critical and compute-intensive edge applications is driving increases in computing demand and carbon emissions at the edge. To better understand carbon emissions at the edge, we analyze granular carbon intensity…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Li Wu , Walid A. Hanafy , Abel Souza , Khai Nguyen , Jan Harkes , David Irwin , Mahadev Satyanarayanan , Prashant Shenoy

The compute requirements associated with training Artificial Intelligence (AI) models have increased exponentially over time. Optimisation strategies aim to reduce the energy consumption and environmental impacts associated with AI,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Clément Morand , Anne-Laure Ligozat , Aurélie Névéol

Continuous developments in data science have brought forth an exponential increase in complexity of machine learning models. Additionally, data scientists have become ubiquitous in the private market, academic environments and even as a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Bjorge Meulemeester , David Martens

The continuous rise in CO2 emission into the environment is one of the most crucial issues facing the whole world. Many countries are making crucial decisions to control their carbon footprints to escape some of their catastrophic outcomes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Aman Desai , Shyamal Gandhi , Sachin Gupta , Manan Shah , Samir Patel

The metaverse has recently gained increasing attention from the public. It builds up a virtual world where we can live as a new role regardless of the role we play in the physical world. However, building and operating this virtual world…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Fangming Liu , Qiangyu Pei , Shutong Chen , Yongjie Yuan , Lin Wang , Max Muhlhauser

The escalating impacts of climate change and the increasing demand for sustainable development and natural resource management necessitate innovative technological solutions. Quantum computing (QC) has emerged as a promising tool with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-24 Kin Tung Michael Ho , Kuan-Cheng Chen , Lily Lee , Felix Burt , Shang Yu , Po-Heng , Lee

The rapid expansion of data centers (DCs) has intensified energy and carbon footprint, incurring a massive environmental computing cost. While carbon-aware workload migration strategies have been examined, existing approaches often overlook…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-02 Yichao Zhang , Yubo Song , Subham Sahoo

Growing global concerns about climate change highlight the need for environmentally sustainable computing. The ecological impact of computing, including operational and embodied, is a key consideration. Field Programmable Gate Arrays…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Chetan Choppali Sudarshan , Aman Arora , Vidya A. Chhabria

Depending on energy sources and demand, the carbon intensity of the public power grid fluctuates over time. Exploiting this variability is an important factor in reducing the emissions caused by data centers. However, regional differences…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Philipp Wiesner , Ilja Behnke , Dominik Scheinert , Kordian Gontarska , Lauritz Thamsen

The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence has significantly increased the electricity, water, and carbon demands of modern data centers, raising sustainability concerns. This study evaluates the environmental footprint of AI server…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Aadi Patel , Nikhil Mahalingam , Rusheen Patel

Embodied carbon footprint modeling has become an area of growing interest due to its significant contribution to carbon emissions in computing. However, the deterministic nature of the existing models fail to account for the spatial and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xuesi Chen , Leo Han , Anvita Bhagavathula , Udit Gupta

The rapid proliferation of data centers in the US - driven partly by the adoption of artificial intelligence - has set off alarm bells about the industry's environmental impact. We compiled detailed information on 2,132 US data centers…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Gianluca Guidi , Francesca Dominici , Jonathan Gilmour , Kevin Butler , Eric Bell , Scott Delaney , Falco J. Bargagli-Stoffi

Digitalization is a core component of the green transition. Today's focus is on quantifying and pre-dicting the climate effects of digitalization through various life-cycle assessments and baseline sce-nario methodologies. Here we argue…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Daria Gritsenko , Jon Aaen , Bent Flyvbjerg

Reducing energy consumption - and especially carbon emissions - is one of the most important challenges facing humankind. ICT (Information and Communication Technology) is a powerful tool to reduce emissions as it offers alternatives to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Cedric Westphal , Alexander Clemm

Cloud computing is offering utility-oriented IT services to users worldwide. Based on a pay-as-you-go model, it enables hosting of pervasive applications from consumer, scientific, and business domains. However, data centers hosting Cloud…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2010-06-03 Rajkumar Buyya , Anton Beloglazov , Jemal Abawajy

The amount of CO$_2$ emitted per kilowatt-hour on an electricity grid varies by time of day and substantially varies by location due to the types of generation. Networked collections of warehouse scale computers, sometimes called Hyperscale…