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The carbon and water footprint of large-scale computing systems poses serious environmental sustainability risks. In this study, we discover that, unfortunately, carbon and water sustainability are at odds with each other - and, optimizing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yankai Jiang , Rohan Basu Roy , Raghavendra Kanakagiri , Devesh Tiwari

Tackling climate change by reducing and eventually eliminating carbon emissions is a significant milestone on the path toward establishing an environmentally sustainable society. As we transition into the exascale era, marked by an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Mohak Chadha , Eishi Arima , Amir Raoofy , Michael Gerndt , Martin Schulz

Climate change, which is now considered one of the biggest threats to humanity, is also the reason behind various other environmental concerns. Continued negligence might lead us to an irreparably damaged environment. After the partial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Karthik Ramakrishnan , Gokul P , Preet Batavia , Shreesh Tripathi

The rapid growth of data centers is increasing energy demand and widening the carbon gap in the ICT sector, as fossil fuels still dominate global energy production. Addressing this challenge requires collaboration across research, policy,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Rubén Rodríguez Álvarez , Denisa-Andreea Constantinescu , Miguel Peón-Quirós , David Atienza

The carbon footprint of astronomical research is an increasingly topical issue. From a comparison of existing literature, we infer an annual per capita carbon footprint of several tens of tonnes of CO$_2$ equivalents for an average person…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-09 Jürgen Knödlseder

Climate change is an existential threat to the United States and the world. Inevitably, computing will play a key role in mitigation, adaptation, and resilience in response to this threat. The needs span all areas of computing, from devices…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Nadya Bliss , Elizabeth Bradley , Claire Monteleoni

Climate change due to increasing carbon emissions by human activities has been identified as one of the most critical threat to Earth. Carbon neutralization, as a key approach to reverse climate change, has triggered the development of new…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Chien-Sheng Yang , Chien-Chun Huang-Fu , I-Kang Fu

Progressing digitalization and increasing demand and use of software cause rises in energy- and resource consumption from information and communication technologies (ICT). This raises the issue of sustainability in ICT, which increasingly…

The immense technological progress in artificial intelligence research and applications is increasingly drawing attention to the environmental sustainability of such systems, a field that has been termed Green AI. With this contribution we…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Christian Clemm , Lutz Stobbe , Kishan Wimalawarne , Jan Druschke

Photonic integrated circuits are finding use in a variety of applications including optical transceivers, LIDAR, bio-sensing, photonic quantum computing, and Machine Learning (ML). In particular, with the exponentially increasing sizes of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Farbin Fayza , Satyavolu Papa Rao , Darius Bunandar , Udit Gupta , Ajay Joshi

With increased access to data and the advent of computers, the use of statistical tools and numerical simulations is becoming commonplace for ecologists. These approaches help improve our understanding of ecological phenomena and their…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-08 Maxime Clenet , Maxime Dion , F. Guillaume Blanchet

To improve the environmental implications of the growing demand of computing, future applications need to improve the carbon-efficiency of computing infrastructures. State-of-the-art approaches, however, do not consider the intermittent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Young Geun Kim , Udit Gupta , Andrew McCrabb , Yonglak Son , Valeria Bertacco , David Brooks , Carole-Jean Wu

Cloud computing drives innovation but also poses significant environmental challenges due to its high-energy consumption and carbon emissions. Data centers account for 2-4% of global energy usage, and the ICT sector's share of electricity…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Federico Ruilova , Ernst Gunnar Gran , Sven-Arne Reinemo

The significant carbon footprint of the ICT sector calls for methodologies to contain carbon emissions of running software. This article proposes a novel framework for implementing, configuring and assessing carbon-aware interactive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Stefano Forti , Jacopo Soldani , Antonio Brogi

Environmental sustainability is a major and relevant challenge facing computing. Therefore, we must start teaching theory, techniques, and practices that both increase an awareness in our student population as well a provide concrete advice…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Henrik Bærbak Christensen , Maja Hanne Kirkeby , Bent Thomsen , Lone Leth Thomsen

Advances in technologies like artificial intelligence and metaverse have led to a proliferation of software systems in business and everyday life. With this widespread penetration, the carbon emissions of software are rapidly growing as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Rohit Mehra , Priyavanshi Pathania , Vibhu Saujanya Sharma , Vikrant Kaulgud , Sanjay Podder , Adam P. Burden

Future accelerators and experiments for energy-frontier particle physics will be built and operated during a period in which society must also address the climate change emergency by significantly reducing emissions of carbon dioxide. The…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-02-10 Kenneth Bloom , Véronique Boisvert

The need and theoretical methods for measuring and reducing CO2 emitted by computing systems are well understood, but real-world examples are still limited. We describe a journey towards green software for a live product running on a public…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 James Uther

This paper explores the intersection of privacy, cybersecurity, and environmental impacts, specifically energy consumption and carbon emissions, in cloud-based office solutions. We hypothesise that solutions that emphasise privacy and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Jason Kayembe , Iness Ben Guirat , Jan Tobias Muehlberg

To reduce their environmental impact, cloud datacenters' are increasingly focused on optimizing applications' carbon-efficiency, or work done per mass of carbon emitted. To facilitate such optimizations, we present Carbon Containers, a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-27 John Thiede , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy