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Question Answering (QA) is a task in natural language processing that has seen considerable growth after the advent of transformers. There has been a surge in QA datasets that have been proposed to challenge natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Kate Pearce , Tiffany Zhan , Aneesh Komanduri , Justin Zhan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered widespread attention due to their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, to mitigate the issue of hallucinations, LLMs often incorporate retrieval-augmented pipeline to provide them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Haowen Hou , Fei Ma , Binwen Bai , Xinxin Zhu , Fei Yu

In long-context question answering, selecting the appropriate scope of context for a query remains a key and unresolved challenge. Insufficient context can lead to missing essential information, whereas excessive context often introduces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Siyuan Zhu , Chengdong Xu , Kaiqiang Ke , Chao Yu

Multi-hop question answering requires a model to connect multiple pieces of evidence scattered in a long context to answer the question. In this paper, we show that in the multi-hop HotpotQA (Yang et al., 2018) dataset, the examples often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Yichen Jiang , Mohit Bansal

Recent Visual Question Answering (VQA) models have shown impressive performance on the VQA benchmark but remain sensitive to small linguistic variations in input questions. Existing approaches address this by augmenting the dataset with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Yash Kant , Abhinav Moudgil , Dhruv Batra , Devi Parikh , Harsh Agrawal

It is well documented that NLP models learn social biases, but little work has been done on how these biases manifest in model outputs for applied tasks like question answering (QA). We introduce the Bias Benchmark for QA (BBQ), a dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Alicia Parrish , Angelica Chen , Nikita Nangia , Vishakh Padmakumar , Jason Phang , Jana Thompson , Phu Mon Htut , Samuel R. Bowman

Event argument extraction has long been studied as a sequential prediction problem with extractive-based methods, tackling each argument in isolation. Although recent work proposes generation-based methods to capture cross-argument…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Xinya Du , Heng Ji

Standard machine translation systems process sentences in isolation and hence ignore extra-sentential information, even though extended context can both prevent mistakes in ambiguous cases and improve translation coherence. We introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Elena Voita , Pavel Serdyukov , Rico Sennrich , Ivan Titov

Block-wise sparse attention offers significant efficiency gains for long-context modeling, yet existing methods often suffer from low selection fidelity and cumulative contextual loss by completely discarding unselected blocks. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Bailin Wang , Dan Friedman , Tao Lei , Chong Wang

Chart question answering (CQA) is a task used for assessing chart comprehension, which is fundamentally different from understanding natural images. CQA requires analyzing the relationships between the textual and the visual components of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Matan Levy , Rami Ben-Ari , Dani Lischinski

Current end-to-end machine reading and question answering (Q\&A) models are primarily based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with attention. Despite their success, these models are often slow for both training and inference due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-26 Adams Wei Yu , David Dohan , Minh-Thang Luong , Rui Zhao , Kai Chen , Mohammad Norouzi , Quoc V. Le

Current pre-trained language models have lots of knowledge, but a more limited ability to use that knowledge. Bloom's Taxonomy helps educators teach children how to use knowledge by categorizing comprehension skills, so we use it to analyze…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Pritish Sahu , Michael Cogswell , Sara Rutherford-Quach , Ajay Divakaran

Question-answering (QA) models have advanced significantly in machine reading comprehension but often exhibit biases that hinder their performance, particularly with complex queries in adversarial conditions. This study evaluates the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuefeng Wang , ChangJae Lee

Large language models with long context windows can answer complex questions directly from full-length academic, technical, and policy documents, but passing entire documents is often costly, slow, and can degrade answer quality while…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. These capabilities stem primarily from the self-attention mechanism, which enables modeling of long-range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zeng You , Yaofo Chen , Shuhai Zhang , Zhijie Qiu , Tingyu Wu , Yingjian Li , Yaowei Wang , Mingkui Tan

Natural language processing has seen rapid progress over the past decade. Due to the speed of developments, some practices get established without proper evaluation. Considering one such case and focusing on reading comprehension, we ask…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Sagi Shaier , Lawrence E Hunter , Katharina von der Wense

Semantic caching significantly reduces computational costs and improves efficiency by storing and reusing large language model (LLM) responses. However, existing systems rely primarily on matching individual queries, lacking awareness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jianxin Yan , Wangze Ni , Lei Chen , Xuemin Lin , Peng Cheng , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Retrieval augmented Question Answering (QA) helps QA models overcome knowledge gaps by incorporating retrieved evidence, typically a set of passages, alongside the question at test time. Previous studies show that this approach improves QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Laura Perez-Beltrachini , Mirella Lapata

Recent development of large-scale question answering (QA) datasets triggered a substantial amount of research into end-to-end neural architectures for QA. Increasingly complex systems have been conceived without comparison to simpler neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Dirk Weissenborn , Georg Wiese , Laura Seiffe

Current textual question answering models achieve strong performance on in-domain test sets, but often do so by fitting surface-level patterns in the data, so they fail to generalize to out-of-distribution settings. To make a more robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Jifan Chen , Greg Durrett