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We present a novel \textit{gauge-invariant and minimal} formation mechanism of primordial black holes (PBHs) in first-order phase transition (FOPT) and domain walls (DW) separately. This is based on the first-order tensor perturbations,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-20 Utkarsh Kumar , Anish Ghoshal

Primordial black holes (PBHs), originating from the gravitational collapse of large overdensities in the early Universe, emerge as a compelling dark matter (DM) candidate across a broad mass range. Of particular interest are ultra-light…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-09-24 Jun Guo , Qiang Yuan , Bin Zhu

We revisit the cosmological and astrophysical constraints on the fraction of the dark matter in primordial black holes (PBHs) with an extended mass function. We consider a variety of mass functions, all of which are described by three…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-11 Bernard Carr , Martti Raidal , Tommi Tenkanen , Ville Vaskonen , Hardi Veermäe

There has recently been renewed interest in the possibility that the dark matter in the universe consists of primordial black holes (PBHs). Current observational constraints leave only a few PBH mass ranges for this possibility. One of them…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-05 N. Bartolo , V. De Luca , G. Franciolini , A. Lewis , M. Peloso , A. Riotto

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are very appealing dark matter (DM) candidates. It is highly plausible though, should they exist, that they would not make up all of the DM. Several studies showed that if the rest of DM is made of thermal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-24 Julien Lavalle , Pierre Salati

Because primordial black holes (PBHs) evaporate into all particle species in nature, PBHs may emit several dark matter (DM) particle species with specific mass spectra. We assume that PBHs are the only source of DMs, and DMs only interact…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-11-15 Teruyuki Kitabayashi

The fact that no Hawking radiation from the final stages of evaporating primordial black holes (PBHs) has yet been observed places stringent bounds on their allowed contribution to dark matter. Concretely, for Schwarzschild PBHs, i.e.,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-03 Jessica Santiago , Justin Feng , Sebastian Schuster , Matt Visser

The renewed interest in the possibility that primordial black holes (PBHs) may constitute a significant part of the dark matter has motivated revisiting old observational constraints, as well as developing new ones. We present new limits on…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-20 Riccardo Murgia , Giulio Scelfo , Matteo Viel , Alvise Raccanelli

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are able to produce light dark matter (DM) particles via Hawking radiation, and yield a flux of boosted DM that can be probed at underground DM direct detection experiments. We analyze both galactic and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-02 Tong Zhu , Cheng-Rui Jiang , Tong Li , Jiajun Liao

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a compelling candidate for Dark Matter (DM). There remain significant parameter spaces to be explored despite current astrophysical observations have set strong limits. Utilizing advanced MeV observation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-25 Zhen Xie , Bing Liu , Jiahao Liu , Yi-Fu Cai , Ruizhi Yang

Much attention has been drawn to the recent discoveries by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) of merging intermediate mass black holes. Of particular interest is the possibility that the merger events…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-22 Benjamin Horowitz

We revisit the constraints on evaporating primordial black holes (PBHs) from the isotropic X-ray and soft gamma-ray background in the mass range $10^{16}-10^{18}$ g. We find that they are stronger than usually inferred due to two neglected…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-03 J. Iguaz , P. D. Serpico , T. Siegert

Current cosmological constraints allow primordial black holes (PBHs) to constitute dark matter in the mass range of $10^{18}$-$10^{22}$g. We show that a major portion of this logarithmic window can be ruled-out based on the Solar System…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-09-10 Abraham Loeb

We propose a novel mechanism where Primordial Black Hole (PBH) dark matter is formed much later in the history of the universe between the epoch of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) photon decoupling. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-24 Amlan Chakraborty , Prolay K Chanda , Kanhaiya Lal Pandey , Subinoy Das

Primordial black holes (PBHs) in the asteroid-mass range remain a viable and until now unconstrained dark matter (DM) candidate. If such PBHs exist, they could be captured by stars in DM-dominated environments with low velocity dispersion…

Formation of significant number of primordial black holes (PBHs) is realized if and only if primordial density fluctuations have a large amplitude, which means that tensor perturbations generated from these scalar perturbations as a second…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-06 Ryo Saito , Jun'ichi Yokoyama

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are the plausible candidates for the cosmological dark matter. Theoretically, PBHs with masses $M_{\rm PBH}$ in the range of $4\times10^{14}\sim 10^{17}\,{\rm g}$ can emit sub-GeV electrons and positrons…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-24 Bing-Yu Su , Xu Pan , Guan-Sen Wang , Lei Zu , Yupeng Yang , Lei Feng

It has normally been assumed that primordial black holes (PBHs) always form with mass approximately equal to the mass contained within the horizon at that time. Recent work studying the application of critical phenomena in gravitational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-25 Anne M Green , Andrew R Liddle

Recent gravitational wave (GW) observations of binary black hole (BH) mergers and the stochastic GW background have triggered renewed interest in primordial black holes (PBHs) in the stellar-mass ($\sim 10 - 100\ \rm M_\odot$) and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-24 Boyuan Liu , Volker Bromm

Primordial black holes (PBH) may constitute a considerable fraction of dark matter. In this work we use the recent observations by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) collaborations to set direct limits on stellar-mass range PBHs. We evaluate the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-03 Mehdi El Bouhaddouti , Muhsin Aljaf , Ilias Cholis
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