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The standard continuum model of a lithium-ion battery, the Doyle-Fuller-Newman (DFN) model, is computationally expensive to solve. Typically simpler models, such as the single particle model (SPM), are used to provide insight for control…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-11-07 Scott G. Marquis , Valentin Sulzer , Robert Timms , Colin P. Please , S. Jon Chapman

A derivation of the single particle model (SPM) is made from a porous electrode theory model (or Newman model) of half-cell (dis)charge for an electrode composed of uniformly sized spherical electrode particles of a single chemistry. The…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-07-23 G. Richardson , I. Korotkin , R. Ranom. M. Castle , J. M. Foster

The DFN (Doyle-Fuller-Newman) model is well know for being accurate and computationally expensive. In situations where temperature gradients are important (eg fast charging) it is desirable to couple the temperature dynamics within a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-08-11 Matthew Hunt , Florian Theil , Ferran Brosa Planella , W. Dhammika Widanage

Battery degradation, which is the reduction of performance over time, is one of the main roadblocks to the wide deployment of lithium-ion batteries. Physics-based models, such as those based on the Doyle-Fuller-Newman model, are invaluable…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-06-06 Ferran Brosa Planella , W. Dhammika Widanage

Physics-based electrochemical battery models derived from porous electrode theory are a very powerful tool for understanding lithium-ion batteries, as well as for improving their design and management. Different model fidelity, and thus…

Thermal electrochemical models for porous electrode batteries (such as lithium ion batteries) are widely used. Due to the multiple scales involved, solving the model accounting for the porous microstructure is computationally expensive,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-04-14 Matthew J. Hunt , Ferran Brosa Planella , Florian Theil , W. Dhammika Widanage

The Single-Particle Model (SPM) of Li ion cell \cite{Santhanagopalan06, Guo2011} is a computationally efficient and fairly accurate model for simulating Li ion cell cycling behavior at weak to moderate currents. The model depends on a large…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-12-13 Michael Khasin , Chetan S. Kulkarni , Kai Goebel

The Doyle-Fuller-Newman framework is the most popular physics-based continuum-level description of the chemical and dynamical internal processes within operating lithium-ion-battery cells. With sufficient flexibility to model a wide range…

Advanced battery management systems rely on mathematical models to guarantee optimal functioning of Lithium-ion batteries. The Pseudo-Two Dimensional (P2D) model is a very detailed electrochemical model suitable for simulations. On the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Andrea Pozzi , Gabriele Ciaramella , Stefan Volkwein , Davide M. Raimondo

The single particle model (SPM) is a reduced electrochemical model that holds promise for applications in battery management systems due to its ability to accurately capture battery dynamics; however, the numerical discretization of the SPM…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-11 Joseph N. E. Lucero , Le Xu , Simona Onori

The rapid spread of Lithium-ions batteries (LiBs) for electric vehicles calls for the development of accurate physical models for Battery Management Systems (BMSs). In this work, the electrochemical Single Particle Model (SPM) for a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-30 Andrea Trivella , Matteo Corno , Stefano Radrizzani , Sergio M. Savaresi

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in transportation, energy storage, and consumer electronics, driving the need for reliable battery management systems (BMS) for state estimation and control. The Single Particle Model (SPM) balances…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-28 Feng Guo , Luis D. Couto

This paper investigates the identifiability and estimation of the parameters of the single particle model (SPM) for lithium-ion battery simulation. Identifiability is addressed both in principle and in practice. The approach begins by…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Adrien M. Bizeray , Jin-Ho Kim , Stephen R. Duncan , David A. Howey

Battery models generally fall into two categories: physics-based models and ECM models. Physics-based Doyle-Fuller-Newman (DFN) models can accurately simulate the battery internal electrochemical processes, but to properly account for…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Han Yuan , Shen Li , Tao Zhu , Simon O'Kane , Carlos Garcia , Gregory Offer , Monica Marinescu

This study evaluates numerical discretization methods for the Single Particle Model (SPM) used in electrochemical modeling. The methods include the Finite Difference Method (FDM), spectral methods, Pad\'e approximation, and parabolic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Feng Guo , Luis D. Couto

The pseudo-4D Doyle-Fuller-Newman (DFN) model enables predictive simulation of lithium-ion batteries with three-dimensional electrode architectures and particle-scale diffusion, extending the standard pseudo-2D (P2D) formulation to fully…

The Doyle-Fuller-Newman model is arguably the most ubiquitous electrochemical model in lithium-ion battery research. Since it is a highly nonlinear model, its input-output relations are still poorly understood. Researchers therefore often…

The physics-based Doyle-Fuller-Newman (DFN) model, widely adopted for its precise electrochemical modeling, stands out among various simulation models of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Although the DFN model is powerful in forward predictive…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Weipeng Xu , Kaiqi Yang , Yuzhi Zhang , Shichao Sun , Sheng Mao , Tianju Xue

Non-invasive parametrisation of physics-based battery models can be performed by fitting the model to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data containing features related to the different physical processes. However, this requires…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-11 Noël Hallemans , Nicola E. Courtier , Colin P. Please , Brady Planden , Rishit Dhoot , Robert Timms , S. Jon chapman , David Howey , Stephen R. Duncan

In the lithium-ion battery literature, discharges followed by a relaxation to equilibrium are frequently used to validate models and their parametrizations. Good agreement with experiment during discharge is easily attained with a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-04-27 Toby Kirk , Colin P. Please , S. Jon Chapman
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