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Let $R$ be a ring with unity. The non-zero divisor graph of $R$, $\Phi(R)$, is the graph with vertex set $R\backslash \{0,1,-1\}$, and two vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if either $xy$ or $yx$ is non-zero. In this article we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-09 Gopika Govind , Chithra A. , Manibharathi T. M. S

We consider the problem of deriving upper bounds on the parameters of sum-rank-metric codes, with focus on their dimension and block length. The sum-rank metric is a combination of the Hamming and the rank metric, and most of the available…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-30 Aida Abiad , Antonina P. Khramova , Alberto Ravagnani

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity not equal to zero and let $\Gamma(R)$ be a zero-divisor graph realized by $R$. For a simple, undirected, connected graph $G = (V, E)$, a {\it total perfect code} denoted by $C(G)$ in $G$ is a subset…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-15 Rameez Raja

We find strong relationships between the zero-divisor graphs of apparently disparate kinds of nilpotent-free semigroups by introducing the notion of an \emph{Armendariz map} between such semigroups, which preserves many graph-theoretic…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2015-09-03 Neil Epstein , Peyman Nasehpour

We study perfect codes in the sum-rank metric, a generalization of both the Hamming and rank metrics relevant in multishot network coding and space-time coding. A perfect code attains equality in the sphere-packing bound, corresponding to a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Giuseppe Del Prete , Antonio Roccolano , Ferdinando Zullo

The tensor product of one code endowed with the Hamming metric and one endowed with the rank metric is analyzed. This gives a code which naturally inherits the sum-rank metric. Specializing to the product of a cyclic code and a skew-cyclic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Gianira N. Alfarano , F. J. Lobillo , Alessandro Neri , Antonia Wachter-Zeh

Graph theory provides powerful tools for modeling concepts in number theory, leading to the introduction of graphs derived from arithmetic properties. One such structure is the divisor prime graph, $G_{Dp(n)}$. For any positive integer $n$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Purva J. Makadiya , Mahesh M. Jariya , Prashant J. Makadiya

The Lloyd Theorem of (Sol\'e, 1989) is combined with the Schwartz-Zippel Lemma of theoretical computer science to derive non-existence results for perfect codes in the Lee metric, NRT metric, mixed Hamming metric, and for the sum-rank…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Minjia Shi , Jing Wang , Patrick Solé

The $\alpha$-Hermitian adjacency matrix $H_\alpha$ of a mixed graph $X$ has been recently introduced. It is a generalization of the adjacency matrix of unoriented graphs. In this paper, we consider a special case of the complex number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-26 Omar Alomari , Mohammad Abudayah , Manal Ghanem

A resolving set for a graph $\Gamma$ is a collection of vertices $S$, chosen so that for each vertex $v$, the list of distances from $v$ to the members of $S$ uniquely specifies $v$. The metric dimension $\mu(\Gamma)$ is the smallest size…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-02 Robert F. Bailey

One-weight codes, in which all nonzero codewords share the same weight, form a highly structured class of linear codes with deep connections to finite geometry. While their classification is well understood in the Hamming and rank metrics -…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Usman Mushrraf , Ferdinando Zullo

In this paper, we study commutative zero-divisor semigroups determined by graphs. We prove a uniqueness theorem for a class of graphs. We show two classes of graphs that have no corresponding semigroups. In particular, any complete graph…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tongsuo Wu , Li Chen

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with nonzero identity and $I$ a proper ideal of $R$. The {\it ideal-based zero-divisor graph} of $R$ with respect to the ideal $I$, denoted by $\Gamma_I(R)$, is the graph on vertices $\{x \in R\setminus I \mid…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2015-09-10 Jesse Gerald Smith

Inspired by the work in \cite{sauer} regarding the classification of all the zero-divisor graphs with six vertices, we obtain all the zero-divisor graphs with seven vertices. Hence we classify all the zero-divisor commutative semigroups…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-24 Xinyun Zhu

The minimum distance graph of a code has the codewords as vertices and edges exactly when the Hamming distance between two codewords equals the minimum distance of the code. A constructive proof for reconstructibility of an extended perfect…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-05-31 Ivan Yu. Mogilnykh , Patric R. J. Östergård , Olli Pottonen , Faina I. Solov'eva

In this letter we consider the ensemble of codes formed by the serial concatenation of a Hamming code and two accumulate codes. We show that this ensemble is asymptotically good, in the sense that most codes in the ensemble have minimum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-05-29 Alexandre Graell i Amat , Raphael Le Bidan

Let $S$ be an inverse semigroup with zero and let $Z(S)^\times$ be its set of non-zero divisors with respect to the natural partial order $\le $ on $S$, that is, $a \in Z(S)^\times $ if there exists $b\in S\setminus\{0\}$ with $\omega(a, b)…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-06 Yanhui Wang , Xinyi Zhu , Pei Gao

Recently, $b$-symbol codes are proposed to protect against $b$-symbol errors in $b$-symbol read channels. It is an interesting subject of study to consider the complete $b$-symbol weight distribution of cyclic codes since $b$-symbol metric…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Hongwei Zhu , Minjia Shi , Ferruh Ozbudak

The $\lambda$-core vertices of a graph correspond to the non-zero entries of some eigenvector of $\lambda$ for a universal adjacency matrix $\mathbf{U}$ of the graph. We define a partition of the vertex set $V$ based on the $\lambda$-core…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Xandru Mifsud

An identifying code in a graph is a set of vertices which intersects all the symmetric differences between pairs of neighbourhoods of vertices. Not all graphs have identifying codes; those that do are referred to as twin-free. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-04-10 Maximilien Gadouleau