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Related papers: Optimize what matters: Training DNN-HMM Keyword Sp…

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Highway deep neural network (HDNN) is a type of depth-gated feedforward neural network, which has shown to be easier to train with more hidden layers and also generalise better compared to conventional plain deep neural networks (DNNs).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-23 Liang Lu

Small footprint embedded devices require keyword spotters (KWS) with small model size and detection latency for enabling voice assistants. Such a keyword is often referred to as \textit{wake word} as it is used to wake up voice assistant…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-16 Christin Jose , Yuriy Mishchenko , Thibaud Senechal , Anish Shah , Alex Escott , Shiv Vitaladevuni

The Baum-Welsh algorithm together with its derivatives and variations has been the main technique for learning Hidden Markov Models (HMM) from observational data. We present an HMM learning algorithm based on the non-negative matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-01-11 George Cybenko , Valentino Crespi

Hidden Markov models (HMM) are commonly used in generation tasks and have demonstrated strong capabilities in neuro-symbolic applications for the Markov property. These applications leverage the strengths of neural networks and symbolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hanyuan Gao , Xiaoxuan Yang

We demonstrate the application of pattern recognition algorithms via hidden Markov models (HMM) for qubit readout. This scheme provides a state-path trajectory approach capable of detecting qubit state transitions and makes for a robust…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-04 Luis A. Martinez , Yaniv J. Rosen , Jonathan L. DuBois

This article investigates the use of deep neural networks (DNNs) for hearing-loss compensation. Hearing loss is a prevalent issue affecting millions of people worldwide, and conventional hearing aids have limitations in providing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-16 Peter Leer , Jesper Jensen , Laurel H. Carney , Zheng-Hua Tan , Jan Østergaard , Lars Bramsløw

Using audio and text embeddings jointly for Keyword Spotting (KWS) has shown high-quality results, but the key challenge of how to semantically align two embeddings for multi-word keywords of different sequence lengths remains largely…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-09 Kumari Nishu , Minsik Cho , Devang Naik

Deep neural networks ( DNNs ) are becoming a key enabling technology for many application domains. However, on-device inference on battery-powered, resource-constrained embedding systems is often infeasible due to prohibitively long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Vicent Sanz Marco , Ben Taylor , Zheng Wang , Yehia Elkhatib

Recent work on discriminative segmental models has shown that they can achieve competitive speech recognition performance, using features based on deep neural frame classifiers. However, segmental models can be more challenging to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-24 Hao Tang , Weiran Wang , Kevin Gimpel , Karen Livescu

This report describes a new technique for inducing the structure of Hidden Markov Models from data which is based on the general `model merging' strategy (Omohundro 1992). The process begins with a maximum likelihood HMM that directly…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Andreas Stolcke , Stephen M. Omohundro

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been successfully applied to a wide variety of acoustic modeling tasks in recent years. These include the applications of DNNs either in a discriminative feature extraction or in a hybrid acoustic modeling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-21 Vikrant Singh Tomar , Richard C. Rose

Albeit worryingly underrated in the recent literature on machine learning in general (and, on deep learning in particular), multivariate density estimation is a fundamental task in many applications, at least implicitly, and still an open…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Edmondo Trentin

We propose two novel techniques --- stacking bottleneck features and minimum generation error training criterion --- to improve the performance of deep neural network (DNN)-based speech synthesis. The techniques address the related issues…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Zhizheng Wu , Simon King

We present a method to perform first-pass large vocabulary continuous speech recognition using only a neural network and language model. Deep neural network acoustic models are now commonplace in HMM-based speech recognition systems, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-12-09 Awni Y. Hannun , Andrew L. Maas , Daniel Jurafsky , Andrew Y. Ng

In typical multi-talker speech recognition systems, a neural network-based acoustic model predicts senone state posteriors for each speaker. These are later used by a single-talker decoder which is applied on each speaker-specific output…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-18 Martin Kocour , Kateřina Žmolíková , Lucas Ondel , Ján Švec , Marc Delcroix , Tsubasa Ochiai , Lukáš Burget , Jan Černocký

Due to the superior modeling ability of deep neural network (DNN), it is widely used in voice activity detection (VAD). However, the performance may degrade if no sufficient data especially for practical data could be used for training,…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Lu Ma , Xiaomeng Zhang , Pei Zhao , Tengrong Su

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for processing sequential data in various fields, including natural language processing and speech recognition. However, the lack of explainability in RNN models has limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Pouria Golshanrad , Fathiyeh Faghih

This paper presents a speech intelligibility model based on automatic speech recognition (ASR), combining phoneme probabilities from deep neural networks (DNN) and a performance measure that estimates the word error rate from these…

While neural, encoder-decoder models have had significant empirical success in text generation, there remain several unaddressed problems with this style of generation. Encoder-decoder models are largely (a) uninterpretable, and (b)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Sam Wiseman , Stuart M. Shieber , Alexander M. Rush

Hidden Markov Models (HMM) model a sequence of observations that are dependent on a hidden (or latent) state that follow a Markov chain. These models are widely used in diverse fields including ecology, speech recognition, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-05 Sidonie Foulon , Thérèse Truong , Anne-Louise Leutenegger , Hervé Perdry