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In recent years, text classification methods based on neural networks and pre-trained models have gained increasing attention and demonstrated excellent performance. However, these methods still have some limitations in practical…
Content scanning systems employ perceptual hashing algorithms to scan user content for illegal material, such as child pornography or terrorist recruitment flyers. Perceptual hashing algorithms help determine whether two images are visually…
This work aims at expanding previous works done in the context of illegal activities classification, performing three different steps. First, we created a heterogeneous dataset of 113995 onion sites and dark marketplaces. Then, we compared…
Named entity recognition (NER) is used to identify relevant entities in text. A bidirectional LSTM (long short term memory) encoder with a neural conditional random fields (CRF) decoder (biLSTM-CRF) is the state of the art methodology. In…
Adult content detection still poses a great challenge for automation. Existing classifiers primarily focus on distinguishing between erotic and non-erotic texts. However, they often need more nuance in assessing the potential harm.…
Cross-lingual Text Classification (CLC) consists of automatically classifying, according to a common set C of classes, documents each written in one of a set of languages L, and doing so more accurately than when naively classifying each…
A rapid growth of web documents due to heavy use of World Wide Web necessitates efficient techniques to efficiently classify the document on the web. It is thus produced High volumes of data per second with high diversity. Automatically…
Recent research demonstrates the effectiveness of using pre-trained language models for legal case retrieval. Most of the existing works focus on improving the representation ability for the contextualized embedding of the [CLS] token and…
Entity recognition is a fundamental task in understanding document images. Traditional sequence labeling frameworks treat the entity types as class IDs and rely on extensive data and high-quality annotations to learn semantics which are…
Text categorization is an essential task in Web content analysis. Considering the ever-evolving Web data and new emerging categories, instead of the laborious supervised setting, in this paper, we focus on the minimally-supervised setting…
Sexism in online content is a pervasive issue that necessitates effective classification techniques to mitigate its harmful impact. Online platforms often have sexist comments and posts that create a hostile environment, especially for…
Child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA) case data is inherently disturbing, fragmented across multiple organizations, jurisdictions, and agencies, with varying levels of detail and formatting, making cross-case analysis, pattern…
Cross-document relation extraction (RE) aims to identify relations between the head and tail entities located in different documents. Existing approaches typically adopt the paradigm of ``\textit{Small Language Model (SLM) + Classifier}''.…
The amount of digital video data is increasing over the world. It highlights the need for efficient algorithms that can index, retrieve and browse this data by content. This can be achieved by identifying semantic description captured…
Large Transformer-based language models such as BERT have led to broad performance improvements on many NLP tasks. Domain-specific variants of these models have demonstrated excellent performance on a variety of specialised tasks. In legal…
Text segmentation (TS) aims at dividing long text into coherent segments which reflect the subtopic structure of the text. It is beneficial to many natural language processing tasks, such as Information Retrieval (IR) and document…
In this study, we focus on two main tasks, the first for detecting legal violations within unstructured textual data, and the second for associating these violations with potentially affected individuals. We constructed two datasets using…
Recognizing semantically similar sentences or paragraphs across languages is beneficial for many tasks, ranging from cross-lingual information retrieval and plagiarism detection to machine translation. Recently proposed methods for…
Companies regularly spend millions of dollars producing electronically-stored documents in legal matters. Recently, parties on both sides of the 'legal aisle' are accepting the use of machine learning techniques like text classification to…
The most common method to auto-grade a student's submission in a CS1 or a CS2 course is to run it against a pre-defined test suite and compare the results against reference results. However, this technique cannot be used if the correctness…