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We combine infectious disease transmission and the non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) response to disease incidence into one closed model consisting of two coupled delay differential equations for the incidence rate and the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-24 Kristoffer Rypdal

When effective medical treatment and vaccination are not available, non-pharmaceutical interventions such as social distancing, home quarantine and far-reaching shutdown of public life are the only available strategies to prevent the spread…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-08-19 Markus Kantner , Thomas Koprucki

This paper presents a scenario-based model predictive control (MPC) scheme designed to control an evolving pandemic via non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPIs). The proposed approach combines predictions of possible pandemic evolution to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-24 Domagoj Herceg , Marco DellOro , Riccardo Bertollo , Fuminari Miura , Paul de Klaver , Valentina Breschi , Dinesh Krishnamoorthy , Mauro Salazar

Since the onset of the the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries across the world have implemented various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to contain the spread of virus, as well as economic support policies (ESPs) to save their…

General Economics · Economics 2021-11-30 Siyuan Liu , Mehmet Orcun Yalcin , Hsuan Fu , Xiuyi Fan

The recent COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need of non-pharmaceutical interventions in the first stages of a pandemic. Among these, lockdown policies proved unavoidable yet extremely costly from an economic perspective. To better…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-14 Leonardo Cianfanelli , Francesca Parise , Daron Acemoglu , Giacomo Como , Asuman Ozdaglar

Non-pharmaceutical interventions have been critical in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these sanitary measures have been partially lifted due to socioeconomic factors causing a worrisome rebound of the epidemic in several…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-23 Hugo Flores-Arguedas , José Ariel Camacho-Gutiérrez , Fernando Saldaña

The mathematical interpretation of interventions for the mitigation of epidemics and pandemics in the literature often involves finding the optimal time to initiate an intervention and/or the use of infections to manage impact. Whilst these…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-17 James Van Yperen , Eduard Campillo-Funollet , Rebecca Inkpen , Anjum Memon , Anotida Madzvamuse

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has transformed almost every facet of human society throughout the world. Against an emerging, highly transmissible disease with no definitive treatment or vaccine, governments…

To date, the only effective means to respond to the spreading of COVID-19 pandemic are non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), which entail policies to reduce social activity and mobility restrictions. Quantifying their effect is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-03-01 Francesco Parino , Lorenzo Zino , Maurizio Porfiri , Alessandro Rizzo

To what extent are effectiveness estimates of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against COVID-19 influenced by the assumptions our models make? To answer this question, we investigate 2 state-of-the-art NPI effectiveness models and…

Motivated by the ongoing pandemic COVID-19, we propose a closed-loop framework that combines inference from testing data, learning the parameters of the dynamics and optimal resource allocation for controlling the spread of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-04-27 Ashish R. Hota , Jaydeep Godbole , Philip E Paré

We formulate an optimal control problem to determine the lockdown policy to curb an epidemic where other control measures are not available yet. We present a unified framework to model the epidemic and economy that allows us to study the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-20 Jagtap Kalyani Devendra , Kundan Kandhway

This paper considers the problem of designing non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) strategies, such as masking and social distancing, to slow the spread of a viral epidemic. We formulate the problem of jointly minimizing the infection…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-02 Shiyu Cheng , Luyao Niu , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Andrew Clark , Radha Poovendran

Governments across the world are currently facing the task of selecting suitable intervention strategies to cope with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a highly challenging task, since harsh measures may result in economic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-19 Andreas Kasis , Stelios Timotheou , Nima Monshizadeh , Marios Polycarpou

Non-pharmacologic interventions (NPIs) are one method to mitigate the spread and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. NPIs promote protective actions to reduce exposure risk and can reduce mobility patterns within…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-07-16 Natalie Coleman , Xinyu Gao , Jared DeLeon , Ali Mostafavi

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a vast amount of growth for statistical models and methods which characterize features of disease outbreaks. One class of models that came to light in this regard has been the use of self-exciting point…

Applications · Statistics 2022-04-29 Peter Boyd , James Molyneux

Adherence to the non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) put in place to mitigate the spreading of infectious diseases is a multifaceted problem. Socio-demographic, socio-economic, and epidemiological factors can influence the perceived…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-02-25 Nicolò Gozzi , Niccolò Comini , Nicola Perra

Epidemiologists model the dynamics of epidemics in order to propose control strategies based on pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions (contact limitation, lock down, vaccination, etc). Hand-designing such strategies is not…

Countries around the world implement nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Design of efficient NPIs requires identification of the structure of the disease transmission network. We here identify the key…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-18 Simon Syga , Diana David-Rus , Yannik Schälte , Michael Meyer-Hermann , Haralampos Hatzikirou , Andreas Deutsch

The implementation of governmental Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) has been the primary means of controlling the spread of the COVID-19 disease. The intended effect of these NPIs has been to reduce mobility. A strong reduction in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-09-22 Berber T Snoeijer , Mariska Burger , Shaoxiong Sun , Richard JB Dobson , Amos A Folarin