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Neural Networks trained with gradient descent are known to be susceptible to catastrophic forgetting caused by parameter shift during the training process. In the context of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) this results in poor performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Ankur Bapna , Orhan Firat

When a computational system continuously learns from an ever-changing environment, it rapidly forgets its past experiences. This phenomenon is called catastrophic forgetting. While a line of studies has been proposed with respect to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-15 Haruka Asanuma , Shiro Takagi , Yoshihiro Nagano , Yuki Yoshida , Yasuhiko Igarashi , Masato Okada

Continual learning models allow to learn and adapt to new changes and tasks over time. However, in continual and sequential learning scenarios in which the models are trained using different data with various distributions, neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-17 HongLin Li , Payam Barnaghi , Shirin Enshaeifar , Frieder Ganz

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) is widely-accepted in Natural Language Processing as a standard technique for learning multiple related tasks in one model. Training an MTL model requires having the training data for all tasks available at the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Sudipta Kar , Giuseppe Castellucci , Simone Filice , Shervin Malmasi , Oleg Rokhlenko

Catastrophic forgetting in deep neural networks occurs when learning new tasks degrades performance on previously learned tasks due to knowledge overwriting. Among the approaches to mitigate this issue, regularization techniques aim to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Idan Mashiach , Oren Glickman , Tom Tirer

Adapter layers are lightweight, learnable units inserted between transformer layers. Recent work explores using such layers for neural machine translation (NMT), to adapt pre-trained models to new domains or language pairs, training only a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Asa Cooper Stickland , Alexandre Bérard , Vassilina Nikoulina

Catastrophic forgetting in continual learning is often measured at the performance or last-layer representation level, overlooking the underlying mechanisms. We introduce a mechanistic framework that offers a geometric interpretation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sergi Masip , Gido M. van de Ven , Javier Ferrando , Tinne Tuytelaars

Class-incremental learning for semantic segmentation (CiSS) is presently a highly researched field which aims at updating a semantic segmentation model by sequentially learning new semantic classes. A major challenge in CiSS is overcoming…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Tobias Kalb , Jürgen Beyerer

In many real-world scenarios, data to train machine learning models become available over time. However, neural network models struggle to continually learn new concepts without forgetting what has been learnt in the past. This phenomenon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Beyza Ermis , Giovanni Zappella , Martin Wistuba , Aditya Rawal , Cedric Archambeau

Catastrophic forgetting is a major problem in continual learning, and lots of approaches arise to reduce it. However, most of them are evaluated through task accuracy, which ignores the internal model structure. Recent research suggests…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yunqin Zhu , Jun Jin

Catastrophic forgetting of connectionist neural networks is caused by the global sharing of parameters among all training examples. In this study, we analyze parameter sharing under the conditional computation framework where the parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Min Lin , Jie Fu , Yoshua Bengio

Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models are capable of translating between multiple source and target languages. Despite various approaches to train such models, they have difficulty with zero-shot translation: translating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Naveen Arivazhagan , Ankur Bapna , Orhan Firat , Roee Aharoni , Melvin Johnson , Wolfgang Macherey

Cross-lingual transfer in natural language processing (NLP) models enhances multilingual performance by leveraging shared linguistic knowledge. However, traditional methods that process all data simultaneously often fail to mimic real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Maria Khelli , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Ayu Purwarianti , Genta Indra Winata

Catastrophic forgetting of previously learned knowledge while learning new tasks is a widely observed limitation of contemporary neural networks. Although many continual learning methods are proposed to mitigate this drawback, the main…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Wojciech Masarczyk , Kamil Deja , Tomasz Trzciński

When language models (LMs) are trained to forget (or "unlearn'') a skill, how precisely does their behavior change? We study the behavior of transformer LMs in which tasks have been forgotten via fine-tuning on randomized labels. Such LMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Eric Zhang , Leshem Chosen , Jacob Andreas

Catastrophic forgetting emerges as a critical challenge when fine-tuning multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), where improving performance on unseen tasks often leads to a significant performance drop on the original tasks. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Didi Zhu , Zhongyi Sun , Zexi Li , Tao Shen , Ke Yan , Shouhong Ding , Kun Kuang , Chao Wu

Although numerous machine learning models exist to detect issues like rolling bearing strain and deformation, typically caused by improper mounting, overloading, or poor lubrication, these models often struggle to isolate faults from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Diogo Risca , Afonso Lourenço , Goreti Marreiros

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a common first stage of LLM post-training, teaching the model to follow instructions and shaping its behavior as a helpful assistant. At the same time, SFT may harm the fundamental capabilities of an LLM,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Mark Rofin , Aditya Varre , Nicolas Flammarion

Overparameterization is known to permit strong generalization performance in neural networks. In this work, we provide an initial theoretical analysis of its effect on catastrophic forgetting in a continual learning setup. We show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Daniel Goldfarb , Paul Hand

Human being and different species of animals having the skills to gather, transferring knowledge, processing, fine-tune and generating information throughout their lifetime. The ability of learning throughout their lifespan is referred as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Ashutosh Kumar , Sonali Agarwal , D Jude Hemanth