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This article presents a novel technique for precise measurement of time and charge based solely on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) device and few satellite discrete electronic components used in Positron Emission Tomography (PET).…
At the core of an ideal single photon detector is an active material that ideally absorbs and converts photons to discriminable electronic signals. A large active material volume favours high-efficiency absorption, but often at the expense…
A photon-number-resolving detector based on a four-element superconducting nanowire single photon detector is demonstrated to have sub-30-ps resolution in measuring the arrival time of individual photons. This detector can be used to…
Switched capacitor arrays (SCA) ASICs are becoming more and more popular for the readout of detector signals, since the sampling frequency of typically several gigasamples per second allows excellent pile-up rejection and time measurements.…
High-precision optical pulse trains distribution via fibre links has made huge impacts in many fields. In most published works, the accuracies are still fundamentally limited by some unavoidable noises, such as thermal and shot noise from…
A challenging goal of 20 ps for the total time resolution of the Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs) system has been recently addressed by high energy physics experiments. In order to meet this requirement, one should have a deeper…
Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. High photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum…
The DUNE neutrino experiment far detector has a fiducial mass of 40 kt. The O(1M) readout channels are distributed over the four 10 kt modules and need to be synchronized with respect to each other to a precision of O(10 ns). The entire…
Time and charge measurements over a large dynamic range from 1 Photo Electron (P.E.) to 4000 P.E. are required for the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA), which is one of the key components in the Large High Altitude Air Shower…
Quasiparticle tunneling events are a source of decoherence and correlated errors in superconducting circuits. Understanding and ultimately mitigating these errors calls for real-time detection of quasiparticle tunneling events on individual…
Fully Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)based digitizer for high-resolution time and energy measurement is an attractive low cost solution for the readout electronics in positron emission computed tomography (PET)detector. In recent…
We demonstrate a large grid of individually addressable superconducting single photon detectors on a single chip. Each detector element is fully integrated into an independent waveguide circuit with custom functionality at telecom…
Photonic integrated circuits play a central role in current and future applications such as communications, sensing, ranging, and information processing. Photonic quantum computing will also likely require an integrated optics architecture…
We experimentally demonstrate optical detection at 12.5~bits per incident photon, 9.4~dB higher than the theoretical limit of conventional coherent detection. A single laser transmits both data and optical clock, undergoes 77~dB of…
Fourier transform has become a basic tool for analyzing biological signals 1,2,3. Mostly a fast Fourier transform is computed for a finite sequence of data sample 4. This is the standard way apparatuses and modern computerized technology…
Electronic systems are becoming more and more ubiquitous as our world digitises. Simultaneously, even basic components are experiencing a wave of improvements with new transistors, memristors, voltage/current references, data converters,…
The Internet of Things (IoT) is pivotal in transforming the way we live and interact with our surroundings. To cope with the advancement in technologies, it is vital to acquire accuracy with the speed. A phase frequency detector (PFD) is a…
The PCIe400 is a generic readout board designed for high-throughput data acquisition in future high-energy physics experiments. It interfaces up to 48 bidirectional links supporting custom protocols from 1 to 26 Gbps to modern back-end…
A large area Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) with a total active surface of 160x10 cm2 was built and tested. The surface was segmented in two 5 cm wide strips readout on both ends with custom, very high frequency, front end electronics. A…
Time-frequency (TF) filtering of analog signals has played a crucial role in the development of radio-frequency communications, and is currently being recognized as an essential capability for communications, both classical and quantum, in…