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In 1954, Tutte conjectured that every bridgeless graph has a nowhere-zero 5-flow. Let $\omega$ be the minimum number of odd cycles in a 2-factor of a bridgeless cubic graph. Tutte's conjecture is equivalent to its restriction to cubic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-21 Eckhard Steffen

In 1983, A. Bouchet extended W.T. Tutte's notion of nowhere-zero flows to signed graphs, and conjectured that every flow-admissible signed graph has a nowhere-zero 6-flow. In this paper we prove that every flow-admissible signed graph that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Matt DeVos , Kathryn Nurse , Robert Šámal

The study of nowhere-zero flows began with a key observation of Tutte that in planar graphs, nowhere-zero k-flows are dual to k-colourings (in the form of k-tensions). Tutte conjectured that every graph without a cut-edge has a nowhere-zero…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-11-01 Matt DeVos

A 1983 conjecture of Bouchet states that every flow-admissible signed graph has a nowhere-zero six-flow. We prove this conjecture for cyclically five-edge-connected, cubic signed graphs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Kathryn Nurse

We give a compact variation of Seymour's proof that every $2$-edge-connected graph has a nowhere-zero $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_3$-flow.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-11 Matt DeVos , Kathryn Nurse

Bouchet conjectured in 1983 that each signed graph that admits a nowhere-zero flow has a nowhere-zero 6-flow. We prove that the conjecture is true for all signed series-parallel graphs. Unlike the unsigned case, the restriction to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-11-10 Tomáš Kaiser , Edita Rollová

In 1981 Seymour proved his famous 6-flow theorem asserting that every 2-edge-connected graph has a nowhere-zero flow in the group ${\mathbb Z}_2 \times {\mathbb Z}_3$ (in fact, he offers two proofs of this result). In this note we give a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-20 Matt DeVos , Jessica McDonald , Kathryn Nurse

A long-standing conjecture of Berge suggests that every bridgeless cubic graph can be expressed as a union of at most five perfect matchings. This conjecture trivially holds for $3$-edge-colourable cubic graphs, but remains widely open for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-10 Ján Karabáš , Edita Máčajová , Roman Nedela , Martin Škoviera

A connected graph G is 3-flow-critical if G does not have a nowhere-zero 3-flow, but every proper contraction of G does. We prove that every n-vertex 3-flow-critical graph other than K_2 and K_4 has at least 5n/3 edges. This bound is tight…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Zdeněk Dvořák , Sergey Norin

We prove that every cyclically 4-edge-connected cubic graph that can be embedded in the projective plane, with the single exception of the Petersen graph, is 3-edge-colorable. In other words, the only (non-trivial) snark that can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Yuta Inoue , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi , Atsuyuki Miyashita , Bojan Mohar , Tomohiro Sonobe

In this paper we have shown without assuming the four color theorem of planar graphs that every (bridgeless) cubic planar graph has a three-edge-coloring. This is an old-conjecture due to Tait in the squeal of efforts in settling the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 I. Cahit

We verify Tutte's $3$-flow conjecture in the class of Cayley graphs on solvable groups of order $2n$, where $n$ is square-free. The proof relies on a new necessary and sufficient condition for a simple $5$-valent graph to admit a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Milad Ahanjideh , István Kovács

A triangle-path in a graph $G$ is a sequence of distinct triangles $T_1,T_2,\ldots,T_m$ in $G$ such that for any $i, j$ with $1\leq i < j \leq m$, $|E(T_i)\cap E(T_{i+1})|=1$ and $E(T_i)\cap E(T_j)=\emptyset$ if $j > i+1$. A connected graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-23 Liangchen Li , Chong Li , Rong Luo , Cun-Quan Zhang

It was conjectured by Jaeger, Linial, Payan, and Tarsi in 1992 that for any prime number $p$, there is a constant $c$ such that for any $n$, the union (with repetition) of the vectors of any family of $c$ linear bases of $\mathbb{Z}_p^n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-14 Louis Esperet , Rémi de Joannis de Verclos , Tien-Nam Le , Stéphan Thomassé

The well-known Steinberg's conjecture asserts that any planar graph without 4- and 5-cycles is 3 colorable. In this note we have given a short algorithmic proof of this conjecture based on the spiral chains of planar graphs proposed in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 I. Cahit

Let $G$ be a bridgeless graph, $C$ is a circuit of $G$. Fan proposed a conjecture that if $G/C$ admits a nowhere-zero 4-flow, then $G$ admits a 4-flow $(D,f)$ such that $E(G)-E(C)\subseteq$ supp$(f)$ and $|\textrm{supp}(f)\cap…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-21 Deping Song , Shuang Li , Xiao Wang

Tutte's famous 5-flow conjecture asserts that every bridgeless graph has a nowhere-zero 5-flow. Seymour proved that every such graph has a nowhere-zero 6-flow. Here we give (two versions of) a new proof of Seymour's Theorem. Both are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-12-22 Matt DeVos , Edita Rollová , Robert Šámal

A graph drawing is $\textit{greedy}$ if, for every ordered pair of vertices $(x,y)$, there is a path from $x$ to $y$ such that the Euclidean distance to $y$ decreases monotonically at every vertex of the path. Greedy drawings support a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-01-03 Giordano Da Lozzo , Anthony D'Angelo , Fabrizio Frati

In 1983, Bouchet conjectured that every flow-admissible signed graph admits a nowhere-zero 6-flow. We verify this conjecture for the class of flow-admissible signed graphs possessing a spanning even Eulerian subgraph, which includes as a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Chao Wen , Qiang Sun , Chao Zhang

We consider cell colorings of drawings of graphs in the plane. Given a multi-graph $G$ together with a drawing $\Gamma(G)$ in the plane with only finitely many crossings, we define a cell $k$-coloring of $\Gamma(G)$ to be a coloring of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-30 Christoph Hertrich , Felix Schröder , Raphael Steiner