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Traditional Von Neumann computing is falling apart in the era of exploding data volumes as the overhead of data transfer becomes forbidding. Instead, it is more energy-efficient to fuse compute capability with memory where the data reside.…

Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) provides an excellent platform for analog matrix computing (AMC), enabling both matrix-vector multiplication (MVM) and the solution of matrix equations through open-loop and closed-loop circuit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-05 Pushen Zuo , Zhong Sun

As an emerging post-CMOS Field Effect Transistor, Magneto-Electric FETs (MEFETs) offer compelling design characteristics for logic and memory applications, such as high-speed switching, low power consumption, and non-volatility. In this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Deniz Najafi , Mehrdad Morsali , Ranyang Zhou , Arman Roohi , Andrew Marshall , Durga Misra , Shaahin Angizi

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising approach to alleviating the memory wall problem for domain-specific applications. Compared to current-domain CiM solutions, charge-domain CiM shows the opportunity for higher energy efficiency and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Guodong Yin , Yi Cai , Juejian Wu , Zhengyang Duan , Zhenhua Zhu , Yongpan Liu , Yu Wang , Huazhong Yang , Xueqing Li

Approximate computing (AC) leverages the inherent error resilience and is used in many big-data applications from various domains such as multimedia, computer vision, signal processing, and machine learning to improve systems performance…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Farah Ferdaus , B. M. S. Bahar Talukder , Md Tauhidur Rahman

Computational workloads are growing exponentially, driving power consumption to unsustainable levels. Efficiently distributing large-scale networks is an NP-Complete problem equivalent to Boolean satisfiability (SAT), making it one of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Everest Bloomer , Irem Didin , Ching-Yi Lin , Sahil Shah

Realizing today's cloud-level artificial intelligence functionalities directly on devices distributed at the edge of the internet calls for edge hardware capable of processing multiple modalities of sensory data (e.g. video, audio) at…

While general-purpose computing follows Von Neumann's architecture, the data movement between memory and processor elements dictates the processor's performance. The evolving compute-in-memory (CiM) paradigm tackles this issue by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Dhandeep Challagundla , Ignatius Bezzam , Riadul Islam

3D point cloud neural networks have significantly enhanced the perceptual capabilities of resource-limited mobile intelligent systems. However, despite the transformative impact, the point cloud algorithm suffers from substantial memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Dengfeng Wang , Shunqin Cai , Yanan Sun

The rapid growth of deep neural network (DNN) workloads has significantly increased the demand for large-capacity on-chip SRAM in machine learning (ML) applications, with SRAM arrays now occupying a substantial fraction of the total die…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Subhradip Chakraborty , Ankur Singh , Xuming Chen , Gourav Datta , Akhilesh R. Jaiswal

Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) is gaining popularity due to its ability to offer computing within the memory and its non-volatile nature. The unique properties of RRAM, such as binary switching, multi-state switching, and device…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Simranjeet Singh , Farhad Merchant , Sachin Patkar

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) continue to grow in complexity with Large Language Models (LLMs) incorporating vast numbers of parameters. Handling these parameters efficiently in traditional accelerators is limited by data-transmission…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Swastik Bhattacharya , Sanjay Das , Anand Menon , Shamik Kundu , Arnab Raha , Kanad Basu

The widespread adoption of data-centric algorithms, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), has exposed the limitations of centralized processing infrastructures, driving a shift towards edge computing. This…

Recently Resistive-RAM (RRAM) crossbar has been used in the design of the accelerator of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to solve the memory wall issue. However, the intensive multiply-accumulate computations (MACs) executed at the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-10 Xizi Chen , Jingyang Zhu , Jingbo Jiang , Chi-Ying Tsui

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures have demonstrated great potential in accelerating numerous deep learning tasks. Particularly, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices provide a promising hardware substrate to build PIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Weidong Cao , Yilong Zhao , Adith Boloor , Yinhe Han , Xuan Zhang , Li Jiang

Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) has been traditionally used to ensure complete tolerance to a single fault or a faulty processing unit, where the processing unit may be a circuit or a system. However, TMR incurs more than 200% overhead in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-02 P Balasubramanian , D L Maskell

The surge in AI usage demands innovative power reduction strategies. Novel Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures, leveraging advanced memory technologies, hold the potential for significantly lowering energy consumption by integrating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 José Cubero-Cascante , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rebecca Pelke , Lorenzo Pfeifer , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Digital In-memory computing improves energy efficiency and throughput of a data-intensive process, which incur memory thrashing and, resulting multiple same memory accesses in a von Neumann architecture. Digital in-memory computing involves…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Veerendra S Devaraddi , Joycee M. Mekie

Computing-in-memory (CIM) is renowned in deep learning due to its high energy efficiency resulting from highly parallel computing with minimal data movement. However, current SRAM-based CIM designs suffer from long latency for loading…

Resistive random-access memory (ReRAM)-based processing-in-memory (PIM) architecture is an attractive solution for training Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) on edge platforms. However, the immature fabrication process and limited write…