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Accurate and interpretable car-following models are essential for traffic simulation and autonomous vehicle development. However, classical models like the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) are fundamentally limited by their parsimonious and…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-18 Chengyuan Zhang , Cathy Wu , Lijun Sun

Current mainstream methods of aligning diffusion models with human preferences typically employ VLM-based reward models. However, these reward models, pre-trained for semantic alignment, struggle to capture the essential perceptual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jaxon Zhang , Binxin Yang , Hubery Yin , Chen Li , Jing Lyu

Traffic prediction is the cornerstone of an intelligent transportation system. Accurate traffic forecasting is essential for the applications of smart cities, i.e., intelligent traffic management and urban planning. Although various methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Fuxian Li , Jie Feng , Huan Yan , Guangyin Jin , Depeng Jin , Yong Li

Widespread development of driverless vehicles has led to the formation of autonomous racing, where technological development is accelerated by the high speeds and competitive environment of motorsport. A particular challenge for an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Sam Garlick , Andrew Bradley

Models for vehicle dynamics play an important role in maneuver planning for automated driving. They are used to derive trajectories from given control inputs, or to evaluate a given trajectory in terms of constraint violation or optimality…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-15 J. R. Ziehn , M. Ruf , M. Roschani , J. Beyerer

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has a great potential for solving complex decision-making problems in autonomous driving, especially in mixed-traffic scenarios where autonomous vehicles and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) drive together.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Qianqian Liu , Fengying Dang , Xiaofan Wang , Xiaoqiang Ren

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on accurate trajectory prediction of surrounding vehicles to ensure the safety of both passengers and other road users. Trajectory prediction spans both short-term and long-term horizons, each requiring…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Chengyue Wang , Haicheng Liao , Kaiqun Zhu , Guohui Zhang , Zhenning Li

Both recognition and 3D tracking of frontal dynamic objects are crucial problems in an autonomous vehicle, while depth estimation as an essential issue becomes a challenging problem using a monocular camera. Since both camera and objects…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Faraz Lotfi , Hamid D. Taghirad

As a strategy to reduce travel delay and enhance energy efficiency, platooning of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) at non-signalized intersections has become increasingly popular in academia. However, few studies have attempted to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Duowei Li , Jianping Wu , Feng Zhu , Tianyi Chen , Yiik Diew Wong

Deep generative models (DGM) are neural networks with many hidden layers trained to approximate complicated, high-dimensional probability distributions using a large number of samples. When trained successfully, we can use the DGMs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Lars Ruthotto , Eldad Haber

Closed-loop simulation is essential for advancing end-to-end autonomous driving systems. Contemporary sensor simulation methods, such as NeRF and 3DGS, rely predominantly on conditions closely aligned with training data distributions, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Guosheng Zhao , Chaojun Ni , Xiaofeng Wang , Zheng Zhu , Xueyang Zhang , Yida Wang , Guan Huang , Xinze Chen , Boyuan Wang , Youyi Zhang , Wenjun Mei , Xingang Wang

This paper introduces a differential dynamic programming (DDP) based framework for polynomial trajectory generation for differentially flat systems. In particular, instead of using a linear equation with increasing size to represent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-13 Kun Cao , Muqing Cao , Shenghai Yuan , Lihua Xie

Reliable autonomous driving relies on large-scale, well-labeled data and robust models. However, manual data collection is resource-intensive, and traditional simulation suffers from a persistent reality gap. While recent generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Kaicong Huang , Talha Azfar , Weisong Shi , Ruimin Ke

This study presents a dynamic safety margin-based reinforcement learning framework for local motion planning in dynamic and uncertain environments. The proposed planner integrates real-time trajectory optimization with adaptive gap…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Tengfei Liu , Haoyang Zhong , Jiazheng Hu , Tan Zhang

This paper presents a novel model-reference reinforcement learning control method for uncertain autonomous surface vehicles. The proposed control combines a conventional control method with deep reinforcement learning. With the conventional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-17 Qingrui Zhang , Wei Pan , Vasso Reppa

Dynamical systems models such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are increasingly popular in theoretical neuroscience for hypothesis-generation and data analysis. Evaluating the dynamics in such models is key to understanding their learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ruiqi Chen , Giacomo Vedovati , Todd Braver , ShiNung Ching

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) have emerged as promising tools for advancing autonomous driving (AD) research, offering scalable closed-loop simulation and data augmentation capabilities. However, to trust the results achieved in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Carl Lindström , Georg Hess , Adam Lilja , Maryam Fatemi , Lars Hammarstrand , Christoffer Petersson , Lennart Svensson

The essence of deep learning is to exploit data to train a deep neural network (DNN) model. This work explores the reverse process of generating data from a model, attempting to reveal the relationship between the data and the model. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Philipp Benz , Chaoning Zhang , Tooba Imtiaz , In-So Kweon

Conventional control, such as model-based control, is commonly utilized in autonomous driving due to its efficiency and reliability. However, real-world autonomous driving contends with a multitude of diverse traffic scenarios that are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Vindula Jayawardana , Sirui Li , Cathy Wu , Yashar Farid , Kentaro Oguchi

Differential Dynamic Programming (DDP) is an efficient trajectory optimization algorithm relying on second-order approximations of a system's dynamics and cost function, and has recently been applied to optimize systems with time-invariant…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-11 Alex Oshin , Matthew D. Houghton , Michael J. Acheson , Irene M. Gregory , Evangelos A. Theodorou
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