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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for everyday communication tasks, including drafting interpersonal messages intended to influence and persuade. Prior work has shown that LLMs can successfully persuade humans and amplify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Amalie Brogaard Pauli , Maria Barrett , Max Müller-Eberstein , Isabelle Augenstein , Ira Assent

Gender-inclusive language is often used with the aim of ensuring that all individuals, regardless of gender, can be associated with certain concepts. While psycholinguistic studies have examined its effects in relation to human cognition,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Marion Bartl , Thomas Brendan Murphy , Susan Leavy

Gender bias is highly impacting natural language processing applications. Word embeddings have clearly been proven both to keep and amplify gender biases that are present in current data sources. Recently, contextualized word embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Christine Basta , Marta R. Costa-jussà , Noe Casas

Recent research has demonstrated that large pre-trained language models reflect societal biases expressed in natural language. The present paper introduces a simple method for probing language models to conduct a multilingual study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Karolina Stańczak , Sagnik Ray Choudhury , Tiago Pimentel , Ryan Cotterell , Isabelle Augenstein

Large Language Models (LLMs) have an increasing impact on our lives with use cases such as chatbots, study support, coding support, ideation, writing assistance, and more. Previous studies have revealed linguistic biases in pronouns used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Smilla Due , Sneha Das , Marianne Andersen , Berta Plandolit López , Sniff Andersen Nexø , Line Clemmensen

A growing stream of research finds that scientific contributions are evaluated differently depending on the gender of the author. In this article, we consider whether gender differences in writing styles - how men and women communicate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Kara Kedrick , Ekaterina Levitskaya , Russell J. Funk

What makes an interaction with the LLM more preferable for the user? While it is intuitive to assume that information accuracy in the LLM's responses would be one of the influential variables, recent studies have found that inaccurate LLM's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Rendi Chevi , Kentaro Inui , Thamar Solorio , Alham Fikri Aji

Lexical semantics theories differ in advocating that the meaning of words is represented as an inference graph, a feature mapping or a vector space, thus raising the question: is it the case that one of these approaches is superior to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-17 António Branco , João Rodrigues , Małgorzata Salawa , Ruben Branco , Chakaveh Saedi

Recent studies have shown that word embeddings exhibit gender bias inherited from the training corpora. However, most studies to date have focused on quantifying and mitigating such bias only in English. These analyses cannot be directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Pei Zhou , Weijia Shi , Jieyu Zhao , Kuan-Hao Huang , Muhao Chen , Ryan Cotterell , Kai-Wei Chang

The statistical regularities in language corpora encode well-known social biases into word embeddings. Here, we focus on gender to provide a comprehensive analysis of group-based biases in widely-used static English word embeddings trained…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Aylin Caliskan , Pimparkar Parth Ajay , Tessa Charlesworth , Robert Wolfe , Mahzarin R. Banaji

Conversational participants tend to immediately and unconsciously adapt to each other's language styles: a speaker will even adjust the number of articles and other function words in their next utterance in response to the number in their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2011-06-17 Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil , Lillian Lee

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in user-facing applications, from providing medical consultations to job interview advice. Recent research suggests that these models are becoming increasingly proficient at inferring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Matthew Kearney , Reuben Binns , Yarin Gal

Evaluation of biases in language models is often limited to synthetically generated datasets. This dependence traces back to the need for a prompt-style dataset to trigger specific behaviors of language models. In this paper, we address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Sarah Alnegheimish , Alicia Guo , Yi Sun

The problem of online threats and abuse could potentially be mitigated with a computational approach, where sources of abuse are better understood or identified through author profiling. However, abusive language constitutes a specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Isabelle van der Vegt , Bennett Kleinberg , Paul Gill

The massive popularity of online social media provides a unique opportunity for researchers to study the linguistic characteristics and patterns of user's interactions. In this paper, we provide an in-depth characterization of language…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-05-12 Pantelis Vikatos , Johnnatan Messias , Manoel Miranda , Fabricio Benevenuto

Gender bias in artificial intelligence has become an important issue, particularly in the context of language models used in communication-oriented applications. This study examines the extent to which Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Michael Döll , Markus Döhring , Andreas Müller

Aesthetic preferences are considered highly subjective resulting in inherently noisy judgements of aesthetic objects, yet certain aspects of aesthetic judgement display convergent trends over time. This paper present a study that uses…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ida Marie Schytt Lassen , Yuri Bizzoni , Telma Peura , Mads Rosendahl Thomsen , Kristoffer Laigaard Nielbo

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) and their growing integration into daily life underscore the importance of evaluating and ensuring their fairness. In this work, we examine fairness within the domain of emotional theory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Maureen Herbert , Katie Sun , Angelica Lim , Yasaman Etesam

This work explores the effect of gender and linguistic-based vocal variations on the accuracy of emotive expression classification. Emotive expressions are considered from the perspective of spectral features in speech (Mel-frequency…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Zachary Dair , Ryan Donovan , Ruairi O'Reilly

The gender of any voice user interface is a key element of its perceived identity. Recently, there has been increasing interest in interfaces where the gender is ambiguous rather than clearly identifying as female or male. This work…