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Achieving noise resilience is an outstanding challenge in Hamiltonian-based quantum computation. To this end, energy-gap protection provides a promising approach, where the desired quantum dynamics are encoded into the ground space of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Yingkang Cao , Suying Liu , Haowei Deng , Zihan Xia , Xiaodi Wu , Yu-Xin Wang

Quantum error correction allows to actively correct errors occurring in a quantum computation when the noise is weak enough. To make this error correction competitive information about the specific noise is required. Traditionally, this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Thomas Wagner , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß , Martin Kliesch

The strongly correlated systems we use to realise quantum error-correcting codes may give rise to high-weight, problematic errors. Encouragingly, we can expect local quantum error-correcting codes with no string-like logical operators $-$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-14 Georgia M. Nixon , Benjamin J. Brown

Addressing and mitigating decoherence sources plays an essential role in the development of a scalable quantum computing system, which requires low gate errors to be consistently maintained throughout the circuit execution. While nuclear…

The challenge of quantum computing is to combine error resilience with universal computation. Diagonal gates such as the transversal $T$ gate play an important role in implementing a universal set of quantum operations. This paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-14 Jingzhen Hu , Qingzhong Liang , Robert Calderbank

Quantum error correction is essential for reliable quantum computation, where surface codes demonstrate high fault-tolerant thresholds and hardware efficiency. However, noise in single-shot measurements limits logical readout fidelity,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Xiao-Yue Xu , Chen Ding , Wan-Su Bao

Quantum error correction codes (QECCs) are critical for realizing reliable quantum computing by protecting fragile quantum states against noise and errors. However, limited research has analyzed the noise resilience of QECCs to help select…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Avimita Chatterjee , Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

A classical coding across a block of logical qubits is presented. We characterize subgroups of the product stabilizer group on a block of logical qubits corresponding to dual codes of classical error correcting codes. We prove conditions on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-28 Dennis Lucarelli

Control over spin dynamics has been obtained in NMR via coherent averaging, which is implemented through a sequence of RF pulses, and via quantum codes which can protect against incoherent evolution. Here, we discuss the design and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Yehuda Sharf , Timothy F. Havel , David G. Cory

Noise on quantum devices is much more complex than it is commonly given credit. Far from usual models of decoherence, nearly all quantum devices are plagued both by a continuum of environments and temporal instabilities. These induce noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Gregory A. L. White , Petar Jurcevic , Charles D. Hill , Kavan Modi

The stabilization of a quantum computer by repeated error correction can be reduced almost entirely to repeated preparation of blocks of qubits in quantum codeword states. These are multi-particle entangled states with a high degree of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrew M. Steane

One hurdle to performing reliable quantum computations is overcoming noise. One possibility is to reduce the number of particles needing to be protected from noise and instead use systems with more states, so called qudit quantum computers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-27 Lane G. Gunderman

Noise is ubiquitous in quantum systems and is a major obstacle for the advancement of quantum information science. Noise-robust quantum control achieves high-fidelity operations by engineering the evolution path so that first-order noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Junkai Zeng , Xiu-Hao Deng

Transversal gates are the simplest form of fault-tolerant gates and are relatively easy to implement in practice. Yet designing codes that support useful transversal operations -- especially non-Clifford or addressable gates -- remains…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 ChunJun Cao , Brad Lackey

The stabiliser formalism plays a central role in quantum computing, error correction, and fault tolerance. Conversions between and verifications of different specifications of stabiliser states and Clifford gates are important components of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-09 Nadish de Silva , Wilfred Salmon , Ming Yin

Pre-fault tolerant quantum computers have already demonstrated the ability to estimate observable values accurately, at a scale beyond brute-force classical computation. This has been enabled by error mitigation techniques that often rely…

Spin qubits in semiconductor structures bring the promise of large-scale 2D integration, with the possibility to incorporate the control electronics on the same chip. In order to perform error correction on this platform, the characteristic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-10 Bence Hetényi , James R. Wootton

The presence of noise is the primary challenge in realizing fault-tolerant quantum computers. In this work, we introduce and experimentally validate a novel strategy to circumvent noise by exploiting the phenomenon of metastability, where a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Antonio Sannia , Pratik Sathe , Luis Pedro García-Pintos

Typical stabilizer codes aim to solve the general problem of fault-tolerance without regard for the structure of a specific system. By incorporating a broader representation-theoretic perspective, we provide a generalized framework that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Zachary P. Bradshaw , Margarite L. LaBorde , Dillon Montero

Matching codes are stabilizer codes based on Kitaev's honeycomb lattice model. The hexagonal form of these codes are particularly well-suited to the heavy-hexagon device layouts currently pursued in the hardware of IBM Quantum. Here we show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-13 James R. Wootton