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Individuals with severe physical disabilities often experience diminished quality of life stemming from limited ability to engage with their surroundings. Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology aims to bridge this gap by enabling direct…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-05 Timothy B Mahoney , JingYang Liu , Huakun Xin , David B Grayden , Sam E John

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are used in various application scenarios allowing direct communication between the brain and computers. Specifically, electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the most common techniques for obtaining evoked…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Eduardo López Bernal , Sergio López Bernal , Gregorio Martínez Pérez , Alberto Huertas Celdrán

An electroencephalography (EEG) based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) enables people to communicate with the outside world by interpreting the EEG signals of their brains to interact with devices such as wheelchairs and intelligent robots.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-09-27 Xiang Zhang , Lina Yao , Quan Z. Sheng , Salil S. Kanhere , Tao Gu , Dalin Zhang

Research on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) began in the 1970s and has increased in volume and diversified significantly since then. Today BCI is widely used for applications like assistive devices for physically challenged users, mental…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Ritam Ghosh

With the rapid development of Machine Learning technology applied in electroencephalography (EEG) signals, Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) has emerged as a novel and convenient human-computer interaction for smart home, intelligent medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Yongshuang Liu , Haiping Huang , Fu Xiao , Reza Malekian , Wenming Wang

Deep learning has made significant breakthroughs in many fields, including electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, deep learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, in which deliberately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Xue Jiang , Xiao Zhang , Dongrui Wu

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most widely used input for brain computer interfaces (BCIs), and common spatial pattern (CSP) is frequently used to spatially filter it to increase its signal-to-noise ratio. However, CSP is a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-08-20 He He , Dongrui Wu

Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are widely adopted due to their efficiency and portability; however, their decoding algorithms still face multiple challenges, including inadequate generalization,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Tianwang Jia , Xiaoqing Chen , Dongrui Wu

Objective: This paper targets a major challenge in developing practical EEG-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs): how to cope with individual differences so that better learning performance can be obtained for a new subject, with minimum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-03 He He , Dongrui Wu

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology enables direct interaction between humans and computers by analyzing brain signals. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the non-invasive tools used in BCI systems, providing high temporal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-18 Hyeon-Taek Han , Dae-Hyeok Lee , Heon-Gyu Kwak

Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning to predict cognitive tasks from electroencephalography (EEG) signals has been a fast-developing area in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Guangyao Dou , Zheng Zhou

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) show enormous potential for advancing personalized medicine. However, BCIs also introduce new avenues for cyber-attacks or security compromises. In this article, we analyze the problem and make…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Tyler Schroder , Renee Sirbu , Sohee Park , Jessica Morley , Sam Street , Luciano Floridi

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer a pathway to restore communication for individuals with severe motor or speech impairments. Imagined handwriting provides an intuitive paradigm for character-level neural decoding, bridging the gap…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-24 Ovishake Sen , Raghav Soni , Darpan Virmani , Akshar Parekh , Patrick Lehman , Sarthak Jena , Adithi Katikhaneni , Adam Khalifa , Baibhab Chatterjee

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) provide a wealth of information for machine learning algorithms to predict the patient outcome from the data including diagnostic information, vital signals, lab tests, drug administration, and demographic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Byunggill Joe , Akshay Mehra , Insik Shin , Jihun Hamm

Neurophysiological time series recordings like the electroencephalogram (EEG) or local field potentials are obtained from multiple sensors. They can be decoded by machine learning models in order to estimate the ongoing brain state of a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-14 Pierre Guetschel , Théodore Papadopoulo , Michael Tangermann

Industrial insider risk assessment using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals has consistently attracted a lot of research attention. However, EEG signal-based risk assessment systems, which could evaluate the emotional states of humans, have…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-09 Zhibo Zhang , Sani Umar , Ahmed Y. Al Hammadi , Sangyoung Yoon , Ernesto Damiani , Chan Yeob Yeun

An alternative pathway for the human brain to communicate with the outside world is by means of a brain computer interface (BCI). A BCI can decode electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of brain activities, and then send a command or an intent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Junhua Li , Zbigniew Struzik , Liqing Zhang , Andrzej Cichocki

The brain computer interface (BCI) is a nonstimulatory direct and occasionally bidirectional communication link between the brain and a computer or an external device. Classically, EEG-based BCI algorithms have relied on models such as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-19 Andrea Duggento , Mario De Lorenzo , Stefano Bargione , Allegra Conti , Vincenzo Catrambone , Gaetano Valenza , Nicola Toschi

Deep learning models have consistently outperformed traditional machine learning models in various classification tasks, including image classification. As such, they have become increasingly prevalent in many real world applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Cong Liao , Haoti Zhong , Anna Squicciarini , Sencun Zhu , David Miller

The analysis of brain connectivity aims to understand the emergence of functional networks into the brain. This information can be used in the process of electroencephalographic (EEG) signal analysis and classification for a braincomputer…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-28 J. A. Gaxiola-Tirado