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Autonomous systems can substantially enhance a human's efficiency and effectiveness in complex environments. Machines, however, are often unable to observe the preferences of the humans that they serve. Despite the fact that the human's and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-29 Agostino Capponi , Reza Ghanadan , Matt Stern

A popular approach for predicting the future of dynamical systems involves mapping them into a lower-dimensional "latent space" where prediction is easier. We show that the information-theoretically optimal approach uses different mappings…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2019-02-22 Max Tegmark

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extensive reasoning traces lead to inefficiencies and increased time-to-first-token (TTFT). We propose a training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Roy Xie , David Qiu , Deepak Gopinath , Dong Lin , Yanchao Sun , Chong Wang , Saloni Potdar , Bhuwan Dhingra

In an unfamiliar setting, a model-based reinforcement learning agent can be limited by the accuracy of its world model. In this work, we present a novel, training-free approach to improving the performance of such agents separately from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Martin Benfeghoul , Umais Zahid , Qinghai Guo , Zafeirios Fountas

In this paper I present several algorithmic techniques for improving the decision process of multiple types of agents behaving in environments where their interests are in conflict. The interactions between the agents are modelled by using…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2009-08-04 Mugurel Ionut Andreica

This technical note considers the sampling of outcomes that provide the greatest amount of information about the structure of underlying world models. This generalisation furnishes a principled approach to structure learning under a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-25 Karl Friston , Lancelot Da Costa , Alexander Tschantz , Conor Heins , Christopher Buckley , Tim Verbelen , Thomas Parr

Collaboration with artificial intelligence (AI) has improved human decision-making across various domains by leveraging the complementary capabilities of humans and AI. Yet, humans systematically overrely on AI advice, even when their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Joshua Holstein , Patrick Hemmer , Gerhard Satzger , Wei Sun

Machine common sense remains a broad, potentially unbounded problem in artificial intelligence (AI). There is a wide range of strategies that can be employed to make progress on this challenge. This article deals with the aspects of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Alexander Gavrilenko , Katerina Morozova

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities but suffer from cognitive inefficiencies like "overthinking" simple problems and "underthinking" complex ones. While existing methods that use supervised fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tian Liang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhiwei He , Jiahao Xu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

We investigate a social system of agents faced with a binary choice. We assume there is a correct, or beneficial, outcome of this choice. Furthermore, we assume agents are influenced by others in making their decision, and that the agents…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-12-06 Andreas Gronlund , Petter Holme , Petter Minnhagen

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have made significant progress in automating digital tasks through the utilization of computer vision and language models. Nevertheless, existing agent systems encounter notable limitations. Firstly,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jinjie Wei , Jiyao Liu , Lihao Liu , Ming Hu , Junzhi Ning , Mingcheng Li , Weijie Yin , Junjun He , Xiao Liang , Chao Feng , Dingkang Yang

In this paper, we introduce a formalism for single-agent decision making that is based on Dynamic Argumentation Frameworks. The formalism can be used to justify a choice, which is based on the current situation the agent is involved. Taking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-06 Edgardo Ferretti , Luciano H. Tamargo , Alejandro J. Garcia , Marcelo L. Errecalde , Guillermo R. Simari

Decision rules offer a rich and tractable framework for solving certain classes of multistage adaptive optimization problems. Recent literature has shown the promise of using linear and nonlinear decision rules in which wait-and-see…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-24 Said Rahal , Dimitri J. Papageorgiou , Zukui Li

We describe several additions to the ENIGMA system that guides clause selection in the E automated theorem prover. First, we significantly speed up its neural guidance by adding server-based GPU evaluation. The second addition is motivated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Zarathustra Goertzel , Karel Chvalovský , Jan Jakubův , Miroslav Olšák , Josef Urban

Recent unified models integrate multimodal understanding and generation within a single framework. However, an "understanding-generation gap" persists, where models can capture user intent but often fail to translate this semantic knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Qingyang Liu , Bingjie Gao , Canmiao Fu , Zhipeng Huang , Chen Li , Feng Wang , Shuochen Chang , Shaobo Wang , Yali Wang , Keming Ye , Jiangtong Li , Li Niu

In many social dilemmas, individuals tend to generate a situation with low payoffs instead of a system optimum ("tragedy of the commons"). Is the routing of traffic a similar problem? In order to address this question, we present…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Dirk Helbing , Martin Schonhof , Hans-Ulrich Stark , Janusz A. Holyst

We integrate dual-process theories of human cognition with evolutionary game theory to study the evolution of automatic and controlled decision-making processes. We introduce a model where agents who make decisions using either automatic or…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-07-07 Danielle F. P. Toupo , Steven H. Strogatz , Jonathan D. Cohen , David G. Rand

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored as high-level decision modules in closed-loop systems, but their stochastic nature makes safe integration challenging. In this paper, we propose LLM-Steered Power Allocation, a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Tadashi Wadayama

The focus of this paper is to propose a driver model that incorporates human reasoning levels as actions during interactions with other drivers. Different from earlier work using game theoretical human reasoning levels, we propose a dynamic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Cevahir Köprülü , Yıldıray Yıldız

This paper introduces a method, based on deep reinforcement learning, for automatically generating a general purpose decision making function. A Deep Q-Network agent was trained in a simulated environment to handle speed and lane change…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Carl-Johan Hoel , Krister Wolff , Leo Laine