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The trigger selection capabilities of the ATLAS detector have been significantly enhanced for the LHC Run- 2 in order to cope with the higher event rates and with the large number of simultaneous interactions (pile-up) per protonproton…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2020-09-18 Pierre-Hugues Beauchemin

The High-Luminosity LHC is expected to deliver proton-proton collisions every 25 ns with an estimated 140-200 pileup interactions per bunch crossing. Ultrafast track finding is vital for handling Level 1 trigger rates in such conditions. An…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-10-16 Andrew Hart

The CMS muon system at the LHC is built of different detector technologies. The measurement of the background hit rates in the different muon detectors during the LHC Run-2 is of prime importance for an assessment of the longevity of the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-04-22 Silvia Costantini

With the increases in the LHC instantaneous luminosity, maintaining effective triggering and avoiding dead time will become especially challenging. As the sensitivity of many physics studies, depends critically on the ability to maintain…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2013-10-09 A. Castaneda

Studies of heavy-ion collisions at the LHC will benefit from an array of qualitatively new probes not readily available at lower collision energies. These include fully formed jets at ET > 50 GeV, Z0's and abundantly produced heavy flavors.…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Christof Roland

Machine learning algorithms are being used more frequently in the first-level triggers in collider experiments, with Graph Neural Networks pushing the hardware requirements of FPGA-based triggers beyond the current state of the art. To meet…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-02-27 Marc Neu , Isabel Haide , Torben Ferber , Jürgen Becker

The Belle~II experiment operates at high luminosity, where an increasing beam-induced background imposes stringent demands on the hardware Level-1 trigger system, which must operate under tight latency and bandwidth constraints. To achieve…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-02-23 Greta Heine , Fabio Mayer , Marc Neu , Jürgen Becker , Torben Ferber

The performance of the three-level ATLAS muon trigger as evaluated by using LHC data is presented. Events have been selected by using only the hardware-based Level-1 trigger in order to commission and to subsequently enable the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2010-10-04 Elisa Musto

We present the first sub-microsecond transformer implementation on an FPGA achieving competitive performance for state-of-the-art high-energy physics benchmarks. Transformers have shown exceptional performance on multiple tasks in modern…

Experimental particle physics demands a sophisticated trigger and acquisition system capable to efficiently retain the collisions of interest for further investigation. Heterogeneous computing with the employment of FPGA cards may emerge as…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-12-20 Andrea Coccaro , Francesco Armando Di Bello , Stefano Giagu , Lucrezia Rambelli , Nicola Stocchetti

The ICARUS liquid argon TPC detector is taking data on the Booster (BNB) and Main Injector (NuMI) Neutrino beam lines at Fermilab with a trigger system based on the scintillation light produced by charged particles in coincidence with the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-02-19 ICARUS collaboration , F. Abd Alrahman , P. Abratenko , N. Abrego-Martinez , A. Aduszkiewicz , F. Akbar , L. Aliaga Soplin , M. Artero Pons , J. Asaadi , W. F. Badgett , B. Baibussinov , F. Battisti , V. Bellini , R. Benocci , J. Berger , S. Berkman , S. Bertolucci , M. Betancourt , A. Blanchet , F. Boffelli , M. Bonesini , T. Boone , B. Bottino , A. Braggiotti , D. Brailsford , S. J. Brice , V. Brio , C. Brizzolari , H. S. Budd , A. Campani , A. Campos , D. Carber , M. Carneiro , I. Caro Terrazas , H. Carranza , F. Castillo Fernandez , S. Centro , G. Cerati , A. Chatterjee , D. Cherdack , S. Cherubini , N. Chithirasreemadam , M. Cicerchia , T. E. Coan , A. Cocco , M. R. Convery , L. Cooper-Troendle , S. Copello , H. Da Motta , M. Dallolio , A. A. Dange , A. de Roeck , S. Di Domizio , D. Di Ferdinando , L. Di Noto , M. Diwan , S. Dolan , L. Domine , S. Donati , F. Drielsma , J. Dyer , S. Dytman , A. Falcone , C. Farnese , A. Fava , N. Gallice , F. G. Garcia , C. Gatto , D. Gibin , A. Gioiosa , W. Gu , A. Guglielmi , G. Gurung , K. Hassinin , H. Hausner , A. Heggestuen , B. Howard , R. Howell , Z. Hulcher , I. Ingratta , C. James , W. Jang , Y. -J. Jwa , L. Kashur , W. Ketchum , J. S. Kim , D. -H. Koh , T. Krishnan , J. Larkin , Y. Li , C. Mariani , C. M. Marshall , S. Martynenko , N. Mauri , K. S. McFarland , A. Menegolli , G. Meng , O. G. Miranda , A. Mogan , N. Moggi , E. Montagna , A. Montanari , C. Montanari , M. Mooney , G. Moreno-Granados , J. Mueller , M. Murphy , D. P. Méndez , D. Naples , S. Palestini , M. Pallavicini , V. Paolone , L. Pasqualini , L. Patrizii , L. Paudel , G. Petrillo , C. Petta , V. Pia , F. Pietropaolo , F. Poppi , M. Pozzato , M. L. Pumo , G. Putnam , X. Qian , A. Rappoldi , G. L. Raselli , S. Repetto , F. Resnati , A. M. Ricci , E. Richards , M. Rosenberg , M. Rossella , N. Rowe , P. Roy , C. Rubbia , M. Saad , S. Saha , G. Salmoria , S. Samanta , A. Scaramelli , D. Schmitz , A. Schukraft , D. Senadheera , S-H. Seo , F. Sergiampietri , G. Sirri , J. S. Smedley , J. Smith , M. Sotgia , L. Stanco , J. Stewart , H. A. Tanaka , M. Tenti , K. Terao , F. Terranova , V. Togo , D. Torretta , M. Torti , F. Tortorici , D. Totani , R. Triozzi , Y. -T. Tsai , K. V. Tsang , T. Usher , F. Varanini , N. Vardy , S. Ventura , M. Vicenzi , C. Vignoli , B. Viren , F. A. Wieler , Z. Williams , P. Wilson , R. J. Wilson , J. Wolfs , T. Wongjirad , A. Wood , E. Worcester , M. Worcester , M. Wospakrik , J. Xia , S. Yadav , H. Yu , J. Yu , A. Zani , J. Zennamo , J. Zettlemoyer , C. Zhang , S. Zucchelli

The ATLAS trigger has been used very successfully for the online event selection during the first part of the second LHC run (Run-2) in 2015/16 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The trigger system is composed of a hardware Level-1…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Catrin Bernius

With the High Luminosity LHC upgrades, incorporating tracking information into the CMS Level-1 trigger becomes necessary in order to maintain a manageable trigger rate and good trigger performance e.g. to retain thresholds for electroweak…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-04-02 Zhengcheng Tao

A study on the use of a machine learning algorithm for the level 1 trigger decision in the JUNO experiment ispresented. JUNO is a medium baseline neutrino experiment in construction in China, with the main goal of determining the neutrino…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-09-01 Barbara Clerbaux , Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean , Yu Xu , Yifan Yang

In hadron collider experiments, triggering the detector to store interesting events for offline analysis is a challenge due to the high rates and multiplicities of particles produced. Maintaining high trigger efficiency for the physics we…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Mark S. Neubauer

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment prepares its Phase-2 upgrade for the high-luminosity era of the LHC operation (HL-LHC). Due to the increase of occupancy, trigger latency and rates, the full electronics of the CMS Drift Tube (DT)…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-02-06 G. Abbiendi , J. Alcaraz Maestre , A. Álvarez Fernández , B. Álvarez González , N. Amapane , I. Bachiller , L. Barcellan , C. Baldanza , C. Battilana , M. Bellato , G. Bencze , M. Benettoni , N. Beni , A. Benvenuti , A. Bergnoli , L. C. Blanco Ramos , L. Borgonovi , A. Bragagnolo , V. Cafaro , A. Calderon , E. Calvo , R. Carlin , C. A. Carrillo Montoya , F. R. Cavallo , J. M. Cela Ruiz , M. Cepeda , M. Cerrada , P. Checchia , L. Ciano , N. Colino , D. Corti , G. Cotto , A. Crupano , S. Cuadrado Calzada , J. Cuevas , M. Cuffiani , G. M. Dallavalle , D. Dattola , B. De La Cruz , C. I. de Lara Rodríguez , P. De Remigis , C. Erice Cid , D. Eliseev , F. Fabbri , A. Fanfani , D. Fasanella , C. F. Bedoya , J. F. de Trocóniz , D. Fernández del Val , J. Fernández Menéndez , J. P. Fernández Ramos , S. Folgueras , M. C. Fouz , D. Francia Ferrero , J. García Romero , F. Gasparini , U. Gasparini , V. Giordano , F. Gonella , I. González Caballero , J. R. González Fernández , O. González López , S. Goy López , A. Gozzelino , A. Griggio , G. Grosso , C. Guandalini , L. Guiducci , M. Gulmini , T. Hebbeker , K. Hoepfner , R. Isocrate , M. I. Josa , B. Kiani , J. León Holgado , S. Lo Meo , E. Lusiani , L. Lunerti , S. Marcellini , M. Margoni , C. Mariotti , I. Martín Martín , J. J. Martínez Morales , S. Maselli , G. Masetti , A. T. Meneguzzo , M. Merschmeyer , M. Migliorini , L. Modenese , J. Molnar , F. Montecassiano , J. Mora Martínez , D. Moran , S. Mukherjee , J. J. Navarrete , F. Navarria , A. Navarro Tobar , F. Nowotny , E. Palencia Cortezón , M. Passaseo , J. Pazzini , M. Pelliccioni , A. Perrotta , B. Philipps , J. Piedra Gomez , F. Primavera , J. Puerta Pelayo , J. C. Puras Sánchez , C. Ramón Álvarez , I. Redondo , D. D. Redondo Ferrero , H. Reithler , R. Reyes-Almanza , V. Rodríguez Bouza , P. Ronchese , A. M. Rossi , R. Rossin , F. Rotondo , T. Rovelli , S. Sánchez Cruz , S. Sánchez Navas , J. Sastre , A. Sharma , F. Simonetto , A. Soto Rodríguez , A. Staiano , Z. Szillasi , D. F. Teyssier , N. Toniolo , G. Torromeo , A. Trapote , N. Trevisani , A. Triossi , D. Trocino , B. Ujvari , G. Umoret , L. Urda Gómez , B. Uwe , S. Ventura , C. Vico Villalba , S. Wiedenbeck , M. Zanetti , F. P. Zantis , G. Zilizi , P. Zotto , A. Zucchetta

In the upcoming years, with the upgrade of the LHC to higher luminosities, CMS will be subject to an increasing flux of particles, especially in its most forward region, at | \eta | > 1.6. To consolidate the muon spectrometer of CMS and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2013-06-05 Thomas Lenzi , Gilles De Lentdecker

This paper discusses a parallelized event reconstruction of the COMET Phase-I experiment. The experiment aims to discover charged lepton flavor violation by observing 104.97 MeV electrons from neutrinoless muon-to-electron conversion in…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-09-22 Beomki Yeo , MyeongJae Lee , Yoshitaka Kuno

The Pixel Detector is the innermost detector of the tracking system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It precisely determines the interaction point (primary vertex) of the events and the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-10-14 Chang-Seong Moon , Aurore Savoy-Navarro

We describe how a novel online changepoint detection algorithm, called Poisson-FOCuS, can be used to optimally detect gamma-ray bursts within the computational constraints imposed by miniaturized satellites such as the upcoming…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-15 Giuseppe Dilillo , Kes Ward , Idris A. Eckley , Paul Fearnhead , Riccardo Crupi , Yuri Evangelista , Andrea Vacchi , Fabrizio Fiore