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Venus clouds host a convective layer between roughly 50 and 60 km that mixes heat, momentum, and chemical species. Observations and numerical modelling have helped to understand the complexity of this region. However, the impact on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-18 Maxence Lefèvre , Emmanuel Marcq , Franck Lefèvre

Sulfur-water chemistry plays an important role in the middle atmosphere of Venus. Ground based observations have found that simultaneously observed SO2 and H2O at ~64 km vary with time and are temporally anti-correlated. To understand these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-02 Wencheng D. Shao , Xi Zhang , Carver J. Bierson , Therese Encrenaz

The clouds have a great impact on Venus's energy budget and climate evolution, but its three-dimensional structure is still not well understood. Here we incorporate a simple Venus cloud physics scheme into a flexible GCM to investigate the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-24 Wencheng D. Shao , João M. Mendonça , Longkang Dai

Life in the clouds of Venus, if present in sufficiently high abundance, must be affecting the atmospheric chemistry. It has been proposed that abundant Venusian life could obtain energy from its environment using three possible sulfur…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-15 Sean Jordan , Oliver Shorttle , Paul B. Rimmer

The Venusian clouds originate from the binary condensation of H$_{2}$SO$_{4}$ and H$_{2}$O. The two components strongly interact with each other via chemistry and cloud formation. Previous works adopted sophisticated microphysical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-22 Longkang Dai , Xi Zhang , Jun Cui

Numerous observational evidence has suggested the presence of active meteorology in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs. A near-infrared brightness variability has been observed. Clouds have a major role in shaping the thermal structure and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-04 Maxence Lefèvre , Xianyu Tan , Elspeth K. H. Lee , R. T. Pierrehumbert

The atmospheric circulation in Venus is well known to exhibit strong super-rotation. However, the atmospheric mechanisms responsible for the formation of this super-rotation are still not fully understood. In this work, we developed a new…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 João M. Mendonça , Peter L. Read

The current Venus climate is largely regulated by globally-covered concentrated sulfuric acid clouds from binary condensation of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and water (H2O). To understand this complicated H2SO4-H2O gas-cloud system, previous…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-22 Longkang Dai , Xi Zhang , Wencheng D. Shao , Carver J. Bierson , Jun Cui

Venus and Earth are similar in bulk properties yet followed dramatically different climatic trajectories. Reconstructing Venus's climate evolution requires understanding how rotation, obliquity, eccentricity, and solar luminosity shaped…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-13 Stephen R. Kane

Planetary-scale waves are thought to play a role in powering the yet-unexplained atmospheric superrotation of Venus. Puzzlingly, while Kelvin, Rossby and stationary waves manifest at the upper clouds (65--70 km), no planetary-scale waves or…

First identified in 2016 by JAXA's Akatsuki mission, the discontinuity/disruption is a recurrent wave observed to propagate during decades at the deeper clouds of Venus (47--56 km above the surface), while its absence at the clouds' top…

We report new constraints on the vertical distribution of sulfuric acid vapor in the Venusian atmosphere, derived from a refined analysis of radio occultation (RO) data. The method estimates the power spectral density (PSD) of the received…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-14 S. Banerjee , R. K. Choudhary , K. R. Tripathi , T. Imamura , H. Ando

Venus shares many similarities with the Earth, but concomitantly, some of its features are extremely original. This is especially true for its atmosphere, where high pressures and temperatures are found at the ground level. In these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-22 Daniel Cordier , David A. Bonhommeau , Sara Port , Vincent Chevrier , Sebastien Lebonnois , Fernando Garcia-Sanchez

Firstly identified in images from JAXA's orbiter Akatsuki, the cloud discontinuity of Venus is a planetary-scale phenomenon known to be recurrent since, at least, the 1980s. Interpreted as a new type of Kelvin wave, this disruption is…

The upper haze (UH) of Venus is variable on the order of days and it is populated by two particle modes. We use a 1D microphysics and vertical transport model based on the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres to evaluate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Peter Gao , Xi Zhang , David Crisp , Charles G. Bardeen , Yuk L. Yung

The elemental depletion of interstellar sulfur from the gas phase has been a recurring challenge for astrochemical models. Observations show that sulfur remains relatively non-depleted with respect to its cosmic value throughout the diffuse…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-04-24 Jacob C. Laas , Paola Caselli

In this study, we employ a cloud-resolving model (CRM) to investigate how gravity influences convection and clouds in a small-domain (96 km by 96 km) radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE). Our experiments are performed with a horizontal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-22 Jiachen Liu , Jun Yang , Yixiao Zhang , Zhihong Tan

Observed chemical species in the Venusian mesosphere show local-time variabilities. SO2 at the cloud top exhibits two local maxima over local time, H2O at the cloud top is uniformly distributed, and CO in the upper atmosphere shows a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-15 Wencheng D. Shao , Xi Zhang , João Mendonça , Thérèse Encrenaz

At the cloud top level of Venus (65-70 km altitude) the atmosphere rotates 60 times faster than the underlying surface, a phenomenon known as superrotation. Whereas on Venus's dayside the cloud top motions are well determined and Venus…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-13 J. Peralta , R. Hueso , A. Sánchez-Lavega , Y. J. Lee , A. García-Muñoz , T. Kouyama , H. Sagawa , T. M. Sato , G. Piccioni , S. Tellmann , T. Imamura , T. Satoh

Polar vortices are common in the atmospheres of rapidly rotating planets [1-4]. On Earth and Mars they are tied to the surface and their existence follows the seasonal insolation cycle [1-3]. Venus is a slowly rotating planet but it is also…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-01 I. Garate-Lopez , R. Hueso , A. Sánchez-Lavega , J. Peralta , G. Piccioni , P. Drossart
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