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Hybrid quantum-classical variational algorithms are one of the most propitious implementations of quantum computing on near-term devices, offering classical machine learning support to quantum scale solution spaces. However, numerous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Taylor L. Patti , Khadijeh Najafi , Xun Gao , Susanne F. Yelin

In this paper, we propose a framework to study the combined effect of several factors that contribute to the barren plateau problem in quantum neural networks (QNNs), which is a critical challenge in quantum machine learning (QML). These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Muhammad Kashif , Saif Al-Kuwari

Machine learning, one of today's most rapidly growing interdisciplinary fields, promises an unprecedented perspective for solving intricate quantum many-body problems. Understanding the physical aspects of the representative artificial…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-05-12 Dong-Ling Deng , Xiaopeng Li , S. Das Sarma

Tensor network methods are powerful tools for studying quantum many-body systems. In this paper, we investigate the emergent statistical properties of random high-dimensional tensor-network states and the trainability of variational tensor…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 Zidu Liu , Qi Ye , Li-Wei Yu , L. -M. Duan , Dong-Ling Deng

Modern deep learning has enabled unprecedented achievements in various domains. Nonetheless, employment of machine learning for wave function representations is focused on more traditional architectures such as restricted Boltzmann machines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-20 Yoav Levine , Or Sharir , Nadav Cohen , Amnon Shashua

Quantum generative models provide inherently efficient sampling strategies and thus show promise for achieving an advantage using quantum hardware. In this work, we investigate the barriers to the trainability of quantum generative models…

One of the most important properties of classical neural networks is how surprisingly trainable they are, though their training algorithms typically rely on optimizing complicated, nonconvex loss functions. Previous results have shown that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-16 Eric R. Anschuetz , Bobak T. Kiani

Quantum neural networks (QNNs) are a framework for creating quantum algorithms that promises to combine the speedups of quantum computation with the widespread successes of machine learning. A major challenge in QNN development is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-18 Maria Kieferova , Ortiz Marrero Carlos , Nathan Wiebe

Barren plateaus are a notorious problem in the optimization of variational quantum algorithms and pose a critical obstacle in the quest for more efficient quantum machine learning algorithms. Many potential reasons for barren plateaus have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-02 Ankit Kulshrestha , Ilya Safro

Quantum Boltzmann machines (QBMs) are generative models with potential advantages in quantum machine learning, yet their training is fundamentally limited by the barren plateau problem, where gradients vanish exponentially with system size.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Takeshi Kimura , Kohtaro Kato , Masahito Hayashi

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as the leading strategy to obtain quantum advantage on the current noisy intermediate-scale devices. However, their entanglement-trainability correlation, as the major reason for the barren…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Shikun Zhang , Yang Zhou , Zheng Qin , Rui Li , Chunxiao Du , Zhisong Xiao , Yongyou Zhang

Quantum generative models exploit quantum superposition and entanglement to enhance learning efficiency for both classical and quantum data. Recently, inspired by classical diffusion frameworks, the quantum denoising diffusion probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Haipeng Cao , Kaining Zhang , Dacheng Tao , Zhaofeng Su

We define \emph{laziness} to describe a large suppression of variational parameter updates for neural networks, classical or quantum. In the quantum case, the suppression is exponential in the number of qubits for randomized variational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Junyu Liu , Zexi Lin , Liang Jiang

Barren plateaus, which means the training gradients become extremely small, pose a major challenge in optimizing parameterized quantum circuits, often making the learning process impractically slow or stall. This work shows why using neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Zhehao Yi , Rahul Bhadani

The barren plateau phenomenon is one of the main obstacles to implementing variational quantum algorithms in the current generation of quantum processors. Here, we introduce a method capable of avoiding the barren plateau phenomenon in the…

The success of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) in computer vision especially image classification problems requests a new information theory for function of image, instead of image itself. In this article, after establishing a deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Ya-Hui Zhang

Barren Plateaus are a formidable challenge for hybrid quantum-classical algorithms that lead to flat plateaus in the loss function landscape making it difficult to take advantage of the expressive power of parameterized quantum circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Michelle Gelman

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) aims to leverage the principles of quantum mechanics to speed up the process of solving machine learning problems or improve the quality of solutions. Among these principles, entanglement with an auxiliary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 Alexander Mandl , Johanna Barzen , Marvin Bechtold , Frank Leymann , Lavinia Stiliadou

Quantum neural networks (QNNs) leverage quantum entanglement and superposition to enable large-scale parallel linear computation, offering a potential solution to the scalability limits of classical deep learning. However, their practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Pei-Kun Yang

Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) are considered a candidate for achieving quantum advantage in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum computer (NISQ) era. Several QNN architectures have been proposed and successfully tested on benchmark datasets…

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