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In the field of large language model (LLM)-based proof generation, despite extensive training on large datasets such as ArXiv, LLMs still exhibit only modest performance on proving tasks of moderate difficulty. We believe that this is…

Logical reasoning, i.e., deductively inferring the truth value of a conclusion from a set of premises, is an important task for artificial intelligence with wide potential impacts on science, mathematics, and society. While many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Theo X. Olausson , Alex Gu , Benjamin Lipkin , Cedegao E. Zhang , Armando Solar-Lezama , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Roger Levy

Popular Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets have been shown to be tainted by hypothesis-only biases. Adversarial learning may help models ignore sensitive biases and spurious correlations in data. We evaluate whether adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Yonatan Belinkov , Adam Poliak , Stuart M. Shieber , Benjamin Van Durme , Alexander M. Rush

Effective communication often relies on aligning a message with an audience's narrative and worldview. Narrative shift involves transforming text to reflect a different narrative framework while preserving its original core message--a task…

In this position paper, we propose a reasoning framework that can model the reasoning process underlying natural language inferences. The framework is based on the semantic tableau method, a well-studied proof system in formal logic. Like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Lasha Abzianidze

Large-scale datasets for natural language inference are created by presenting crowd workers with a sentence (premise), and asking them to generate three new sentences (hypotheses) that it entails, contradicts, or is logically neutral with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Suchin Gururangan , Swabha Swayamdipta , Omer Levy , Roy Schwartz , Samuel R. Bowman , Noah A. Smith

Transformer architectures have achieved great success in solving natural language tasks, which learn strong language representations from large-scale unlabeled texts. In this paper, we seek to go further beyond and explore a new logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jianshu Chen

Despite alarm over the reliance of machine learning systems on so-called spurious patterns, the term lacks coherent meaning in standard statistical frameworks. However, the language of causality offers clarity: spurious associations are due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Divyansh Kaushik , Eduard Hovy , Zachary C. Lipton

We study how large language models (LLMs) reason about memorized knowledge through simple binary relations such as equality ($=$), inequality ($<$), and inclusion ($\subset$). Unlike in-context reasoning, the axioms (e.g., $a < b, b < c$)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jonathan Shaki , Emanuele La Malfa , Michael Wooldridge , Sarit Kraus

Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition (IDRR) remains a challenging task due to the requirement for deep semantic understanding in the absence of explicit discourse markers. A further limitation is that existing methods only predict…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Heng Wang , Changxing Wu

"Learning by Teaching (LbT)" helps learners deepen their understanding by explaining concepts to others, with questions playing a vital role in identifying knowledge gaps and reinforcing comprehension. However, existing systems for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tokio Uchida , Ko Watanabe , Andrew Vargo , Shoya Ishimaru , Ralph L. Rose , Ayaka Sugawara , Andreas Dengel , Koichi Kise

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from critical reasoning gaps, including a tendency to hallucinate and poor accuracy in classifying logical fallacies. This limitation stems from their default System 1 processing, which is fast and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Olivia Peiyu Wang , Tashvi Bansal , Ryan Bai , Emily M. Chui , Leilani H. Gilpin

Document-level relation extraction aims to identify relations between entities in a whole document. Prior efforts to capture long-range dependencies have relied heavily on implicitly powerful representations learned through (graph) neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Dongyu Ru , Changzhi Sun , Jiangtao Feng , Lin Qiu , Hao Zhou , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu , Lei Li

We examine whether data generated by explanation techniques, which promote a process of self-reflection, can improve classifier performance. Our work is based on the idea that humans have the ability to make quick, intuitive decisions as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Johannes Schneider , Michalis Vlachos

Although pre-trained language models show good performance on various natural language processing tasks, they often rely on non-causal features and patterns to determine the outcome. For natural language inference tasks, previous results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Heerin Yang , Sseung-won Hwang , Jungmin So

A substantial thread of recent work on latent tree learning has attempted to develop neural network models with parse-valued latent variables and train them on non-parsing tasks, in the hope of having them discover interpretable tree…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Phu Mon Htut , Kyunghyun Cho , Samuel R. Bowman

Probing has become an important tool for analyzing representations in Natural Language Processing (NLP). For graphical NLP tasks such as dependency parsing, linear probes are currently limited to extracting undirected or unlabeled parse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Max Müller-Eberstein , Rob van der Goot , Barbara Plank

Event extraction is a fundamental task for natural language processing. Finding the roles of event arguments like event participants is essential for event extraction. However, doing so for real-life event descriptions is challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Qian Li , Hao Peng , Jianxin Li , Jia Wu , Yuanxing Ning , Lihong Wang , Philip S. Yu , Zheng Wang

Chain-of-Thought reasoning has emerged as a powerful approach for solving complex mathematical and logical problems. However, it can often veer off track through incorrect or unsubstantiated inferences. Formal mathematical reasoning, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Maria-Florina Balcan , Avrim Blum , Zhiyuan Li , Dravyansh Sharma

Much of the progress in contemporary NLP has come from learning representations, such as masked language model (MLM) contextual embeddings, that turn challenging problems into simple classification tasks. But how do we quantify and explain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Gregory Yauney , David Mimno