Related papers: Ambiguities in the definition of local spatial den…
We show that the matrix element of a local operator between hadronic states gives rise to an unambiguous definition of the associated spatial density. As an explicit example, we consider the charge density of a spinless particle in the rest…
We clarify the meaning of spatial densities of hadrons. A physical density is given by the expectation value of a local operator for a physical state, and depends on both internal structure and the hadron's wave packet. In some particular…
The matter density distribution inside a hadron is evaluated using gauge-invariant correlation functions within the quenched and the unquenched theory. Comparison with the charge density distribution suggests that hadron deformation is a…
A Fourier-Bessel analysis is used to fit charge and magnetization densities to data for the nucleon Sachs form factors. The neutron and proton magnetization densities are very similar, but the proton charge density is significantly softer.…
The deuteron transverse charge density $\rho_C(b)$ is the two-dimensional Fourier transform of its charge form factor in the impact space. We show that different parameterizations of the charge form factors provide different $\rho_C(b)$, in…
In this work, we find the light front densities for momentum and forces, including pressure and shear forces, within hadrons. This is achieved by deriving relativistically correct expressions relating these densities to the gravitational…
The recent values of the proton charge radius obtained by means of muonic-hydrogen laser spectroscopy are about $4\%$ different from the electron scattering data. It has been suggested that the proton radius is actually measured in…
Spin-dependent quark densities, matrix elements of specific density operators in proton states of definite spin-polarization, indicate that the nucleon may harbor an infinite variety of non-spherical shapes. We show that these matrix…
The three-dimensional spatial structure of hadrons is encoded in their form factors. Via appropriate Fourier transform, the latter describe how charge, energy, linear and angular momentum, but also pressure are distributed inside these…
We examine the spatial density within extended objects of the momentum component $p^+$, and find relativistically exact connections to Fourier transforms of gravitational form factors. We apply these results to obtain semi-empirical…
Electromagnetic form factors have long been used to probe the underlying charge and magnetization densities of hadrons and nuclei. Traditional three-dimensional Fourier transform methods are not rigorously applicable for systems with…
A model-independent analysis of the infinite-momentum-frame charge density of partons in the transverse plane is presented for the nucleon. We find that the neutron parton charge density is negative at the center, so that the square of the…
We review some of the recent developments regarding mass, angular momentum and pressure forces inside hadrons. These properties are all encoded in the energy-momentum tensor of the system, which is described at the non-perturbative level in…
In contrast with common non-relativistic lore, the usual Sachs form factors are not the Fourier transforms of charge or magnetization densities. Instead, the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the electromagnetic $F_1$ form factor is the…
We relate the three-dimensional infinite momentum frame spatial charge density of the pion to its electromagnetic form factor. Diverse treatments of the measured form factor data including: phenomenological fits, non-relativistic quark…
To obtain further information on the geometric shape of the nucleon, the proton charge form factor is decomposed into two terms, which are connected respectively with a spherically symmetric and an intrinsic quadrupole part of the proton's…
We discuss the recent interpretation of quark-distribution functions in the plane transverse to the light-cone direction. Such a mapping is model independent and allows one to build up multidimensional pictures of the hadron and to develop…
Densities associated with the energy-momentum tensor are calculated for spin-one targets. These calculations are done in a light front formalism, which accounts for relativistic effects due to boosts and allows for arbitrary spatial…
The definition of local spatial densities by using sharply localized one-particle states is applied to spin-3/2 systems. Matrix elements of the electromagnetic current and the energy-momentum tensor are considered and integral expressions…
The recent conundrum with the proton charge radius inspires reconsideration of the corrections that enter into determinations of the proton size. We study the two-photon proton-structure corrections, with special consideration of the…