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Related papers: Post-processing of quantum instruments

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A finite set of quantum observables (positive operator valued measures) is called compatible if these observables are marginals of a some observable, called a joint observable of them. For a given set of compatible observables, their joint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Teiko Heinosaari , Yui Kuramochi

In this mainly pedagogical article, we discuss under what circumstances measurements play a special role in quantum processes. In particular we discuss the following facts which appear to be a common area of confusion: i) from a fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-14 Benjamin Cruikshank , Kurt Jacobs

This paper presents some of the basic properties of conditioned observables in finite-dimensional quantum mechanics. We begin by defining the sequential product of quantum effects and use this to define the sequential product of two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-12 Stan Gudder

Quantum instruments are mathematical devices introduced to describe the conditional state change during a quantum process. They are completely positive map valued measures on measurable spaces. We may also view them as non-commutative…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-09-17 B. V. Rajarama Bhat , Arghya Chongdar , Sruthymurali

In quantum information processing quantum operations are often processed alongside measurements which result in classical data. Due to the information gain of classical measurement outputs non-unitary dynamical processes can take place on…

A measuring apparatus is described by quantum mechanics while it interacts with the quantum system under observation, and then it must be given a classical description so that the result of the measurement appears as objective reality.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Ori Hay , Asher Peres

It is commonly believed that the most general type of a quantum-mechanical measurement is one described by a positive-operator valued measure (POVM). In the present paper, this statement is proven for any measurements on quantum systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-13 A. V. Nenashev

While a positive operator valued measure gives the probabilities in a quantum measurement, an instrument gives both the probabilities and the a posteriori states. By interpreting the instrument as a quantum channel and by using the typical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Alberto Barchielli , Giancarlo Lupieri

We define a complete measurement of a quantum observable (POVM) as a measurement of the maximally refined version of the POVM. Complete measurements give information from the multiplicities of the measurement outcomes and can be viewed as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Juha-Pekka Pellonpää

Quantum measurements are crucial for quantum technologies and give rise to some of the most classically counter-intuitive quantum phenomena. As such, the ability to certify the presence of genuinely non-classical joint measurements in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-13 Ciarán M. Lee

This work will incorporate a few related tools for addressing the conceptual difficulties arising from sewing together classical and quantum mechanics: deterministic operators, weak measurements and post-selection. Weak Measurement, based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-21 Eliahu Cohen , Yakir Aharonov

Until recently, a quantum instrument was defined to be a completely positive operation-valued measure from the set of states on a Hilbert space to itself. In the last few years, this definition has been generalized to such measures between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Stanley Gudder

To describe the pre- and post-selected quantum ensembles, a complex quantity called the weak value of an operator is used. The weak value is highly controversial due to the fact that it is not bounded by the possible eigenvalues of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-20 Aiham M. Rostom

An important challenge for quantum theories of cognition and decision concerns the incorporation of memory for recently made judgments and their effects on later judgments. First, we review a general approach to measurement based on system…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-15 Jerome R. Busemeyer , Masanao Ozawa , Emmanuel M. Pothos , Naotsugu Tsuchiya

Quantum measurement and quantum operation theory is developed here by taking the relational properties among quantum systems, instead of the independent properties of a quantum system, as the most fundamental elements. By studying how the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-20 Jianhao M. Yang

We introduce a novel concept which we call as potent value of system observable for pre- and post-selected quantum states. This describes, in general, how a quantum system affects the state of the apparatus during the time between two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-28 Arun Kumar Pati

Part I of this article discussed the quantum measurement process within the de Broglie-Bohm theory. In the experiment considered, the outcome of the measurements was primarily determined by the initial Bohmian positions within the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 F. Laloë , G. Tastevin

The effects of the measurement apparatus on quantum coherence are studied by considering a purely dephasing model of a qubit. The initial state is prepared from a thermal state of the whole system by performing a nonselective measurement on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-22 Filippo Giraldi

The use of quantum computing for applications involving optimization has been regarded as one of the areas it may prove to be advantageous (against classical computation). To further improve the quality of the solutions, post-processing…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Ajinkya Borle , Josh McCarter

Before the availability of large scale fault-tolerant quantum devices, one has to find ways to make the most of current noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. One possibility is to seek smaller repetitive hybrid quantum-classical tasks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Teiko Heinosaari , Daniel Reitzner , Alessandro Toigo