Related papers: The intensity and evolution of the extreme storms …
We investigate the solar origin and heliospheric evolution of an intense geomagnetic storm that occurred on March 23-24, 2023. Despite multiple candidate CMEs observed between March 19-21, a weak CME detected on March 19 at 18:00 UT was…
Taking the 32 storm sudden commencements (SSCs) listed by ISGI during 2002 as a starting point, we performed a multi-criterion analysis based on observations (propagation time, velocity comparisons, sense of the magnetic field rotation,…
Geomagnetic storms are an important aspect of space weather and can result in significant impacts on space- and ground-based assets. The majority of strong storms are associated with the passage of interplanetary coronal mass ejections…
Given the infrequency of extreme geomagnetic storms, it is significant to note the concentration of three extreme geomagnetic storms in 1941, whose intensities ranked fourth, twelfth, and fifth within the aa index between 1868-2010. Among…
The largest geomagnetic storm so far in the solar cycle 24 was produced by a fast coronal mass ejection (CME) originating on 2015 March 15. It was an initially west-oriented CME and expected to only cause a weak geomagnetic disturbance. Why…
We study the solar sources of an intense geomagnetic storm of solar cycle 23 that occurred on 20 November 2003, based on ground- and space-based multiwavelength observations. The coronal mass ejections (CMEs) responsible for the above…
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the primary sources of intense disturbances at Earth, where their geo-effectiveness is largely determined by their dynamic pressure and internal magnetic field, which can be significantly altered during…
Solar eruptions generally refer to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flares. Both are important sources of space weather. Solar flares cause sudden change in the ionization level in the ionosphere. CMEs cause solar energetic particle (SEP)…
Intense geomagnetic storms are characterized by a minimum value of the Dst index at or below -100 nT. It is well known that these storms are caused by the southward magnetic fields in coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and corotating interaction…
More than 140 isolated non-recurrent geomagnetic storms (GMSs) of various intensities from extreme to weak are considered, which are reliably identified with solar eruptive sources (coronal mass ejections, CMEs). The analysis aims to obtain…
We report on the solar and interplanetary (IP) causes of the third largest geomagnetic storm (2018 August 26) in solar cycle 24. The underlying coronal mass ejection (CME) originating from a quiescent filament region becomes a 440 km/s…
In May 2024, the scientific community observed intense solar eruptions that resulted in a great geomagnetic storm and auroral extension, highlighting the need to document and quantify these events. This study mainly focuses on their…
Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), the large-scale eruptive phenomena capable of shedding a huge amount of solar magnetic helicity and energy are potential in driving strong geomagnetic storms. They complexly evolve while…
We analyse in this work the propagation and geoeffectiveness of four successive coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that erupted from the Sun during 21--23 May 2013 and that were detected in interplanetary space by the Wind and/or STEREO-A…
The solar eruption that occurred on 2023 November 28 (SOL2023-11-28) triggered an intense geomagnetic storm on Earth on 2023 December 1. The associated Earth's auroras manifested at the most southern latitudes in the northern hemisphere…
Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) are prominent drivers of space weather disturbances and mainly lead to intense or extreme geomagnetic storms. The reported studies suggested that the planar ICME sheath and planar magnetic…
The largest geomagnetic storm in two decades occurred in 2024 May with a minimum $D_{\rm st}$ of $-412$ nT. We examine its solar and interplanetary origins by combining multipoint imaging and in situ observations. The source active region,…
In autumn 2023, a series of closely timed eruptive events were observed remotely and measured in situ. We studied analogous solar events, where several CMEs were launched partly from the same (active) regions near a CH. These events…
We use multiwavelength data from space and ground based instruments to study the solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on January 23, 2012 that were responsible for one of the largest solar energetic particle (SEP) events of solar…
The Maunder Minimum (1645-1715) is currently considered the only grand minimum within telescopic sunspot observations since 1610. During this epoch, the Sun was extremely quiet and unusually free from sunspots. However, despite reduced…