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Graph-based temporal classification (GTC), a generalized form of the connectionist temporal classification loss, was recently proposed to improve automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems using graph-based supervision. For example, GTC was…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Xuankai Chang , Niko Moritz , Takaaki Hori , Shinji Watanabe , Jonathan Le Roux

While deep learning based end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have greatly simplified modeling pipelines, they suffer from the data sparsity issue. In this work, we propose a self-training method with an end-to-end system…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-31 Yang Chen , Weiran Wang , Chao Wang

Unsupervised clustering on speakers is becoming increasingly important for its potential uses in semi-supervised learning. In reality, we are often presented with enormous amounts of unlabeled data from multi-party meetings and discussions.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-26 Fuchuan Tong , Siqi Zheng , Min Zhang , Yafeng Chen , Hongbin Suo , Qingyang Hong , Lin Li

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is an active area of research which aims to utilize unlabelled data in order to improve the accuracy of speech recognition systems. The current study proposes a methodology for integration of two key ideas: 1)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Prakhar Swarup , Debmalya Chakrabarty , Ashtosh Sapru , Hitesh Tulsiani , Harish Arsikere , Sri Garimella

This paper presents a novel algorithm for building an automatic speech recognition (ASR) model with imperfect training data. Imperfectly transcribed speech is a prevalent issue in human-annotated speech corpora, which degrades the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Dongji Gao , Matthew Wiesner , Hainan Xu , Leibny Paola Garcia , Daniel Povey , Sanjeev Khudanpur

The recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) objective plays a major role in building today's best automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems for production. Similarly to the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) objective, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Niko Moritz , Takaaki Hori , Shinji Watanabe , Jonathan Le Roux

Training automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems requires large amounts of well-curated paired data. However, human annotators usually perform "non-verbatim" transcription, which can result in poorly trained models. In this paper, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-28 Dongji Gao , Hainan Xu , Desh Raj , Leibny Paola Garcia Perera , Daniel Povey , Sanjeev Khudanpur

The success of retrieval-augmented language models in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks has been constrained in automatic speech recognition (ASR) applications due to challenges in constructing fine-grained audio-text…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Jiaming Zhou , Shiwan Zhao , Yaqi Liu , Wenjia Zeng , Yong Chen , Yong Qin

Semi-Supervised Text Classification (SSTC) mainly works under the spirit of self-training. They initialize the deep classifier by training over labeled texts; and then alternatively predict unlabeled texts as their pseudo-labels and train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Changchun Li , Ximing Li , Bingjie Zhang , Wenting Wang , Jihong Ouyang

Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) is a widely used method for automatic speech recognition (ASR), renowned for its simplicity and computational efficiency. However, it often falls short in recognition performance. In this work, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-17 Zengwei Yao , Wei Kang , Xiaoyu Yang , Fangjun Kuang , Liyong Guo , Han Zhu , Zengrui Jin , Zhaoqing Li , Long Lin , Daniel Povey

Training automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems requires large amounts of data in the target language in order to achieve good performance. Whereas large training corpora are readily available for languages like English, there exists a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-11-15 Markus Müller , Sebastian Stüker , Alex Waibel

Semi-supervised text classification-based paradigms (SSTC) typically employ the spirit of self-training. The key idea is to train a deep classifier on limited labeled texts and then iteratively predict the unlabeled texts as their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Ahmed Murtadha , Shengfeng Pan , Wen Bo , Jianlin Su , Xinxin Cao , Wenze Zhang , Yunfeng Liu

In this work, we describe a novel method of training an embedding-matching word-level connectionist temporal classification (CTC) automatic speech recognizer (ASR) such that it directly produces word start times and durations, required by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Woojay Jeon

This paper proposes an adaptation method for end-to-end speech recognition. In this method, multiple automatic speech recognition (ASR) 1-best hypotheses are integrated in the computation of the connectionist temporal classification (CTC)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Cong-Thanh Do , Rama Doddipatla , Thomas Hain

Unified Speech Recognition (USR) has emerged as a semi-supervised framework for training a single model for audio, visual, and audiovisual speech recognition, achieving state-of-the-art results on in-distribution benchmarks. However, its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Alexandros Haliassos , Rodrigo Mira , Stavros Petridis

We develop an algorithm which can learn from partially labeled and unsegmented sequential data. Most sequential loss functions, such as Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC), break down when many labels are missing. We address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Vineel Pratap , Awni Hannun , Gabriel Synnaeve , Ronan Collobert

Automatic Phoneme Recognition (APR) systems are often trained using pseudo phoneme-level annotations generated from text through Grapheme-to-Phoneme (G2P) systems. These G2P systems frequently output multiple possible pronunciations per…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-09 Henry Grafé , Hugo Van hamme

The success of self-attention in NLP has led to recent applications in end-to-end encoder-decoder architectures for speech recognition. Separately, connectionist temporal classification (CTC) has matured as an alignment-free,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-02 Julian Salazar , Katrin Kirchhoff , Zhiheng Huang

High-quality data labeling from specific domains is costly and human time-consuming. In this work, we propose a self-supervised domain adaptation method, based upon an iterative pseudo-forced alignment algorithm. The produced alignments are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Fernando López , Jordi Luque

We propose a novel approach to semi-supervised automatic speech recognition (ASR). We first exploit a large amount of unlabeled audio data via representation learning, where we reconstruct a temporal slice of filterbank features from past…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-15 Shaoshi Ling , Yuzong Liu , Julian Salazar , Katrin Kirchhoff
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