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We propose a multi-agent multi-armed bandit (MA-MAB) framework aimed at ensuring fair outcomes across agents while maximizing overall system performance. A key challenge in this setting is decision-making under limited information about arm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Tianyi Xu , Jiaxin Liu , Nicholas Mattei , Zizhan Zheng

This paper proposes a formal approach to online learning and planning for agents operating in a priori unknown, time-varying environments. The proposed method computes the maximally likely model of the environment, given the observations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Melkior Ornik , Ufuk Topcu

We study the statistical complexity of offline decision-making with function approximation, establishing (near) minimax-optimal rates for stochastic contextual bandits and Markov decision processes. The performance limits are captured by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Thanh Nguyen-Tang , Raman Arora

We study a variant of decision-theoretic online learning in which the set of experts that are available to Learner can shrink over time. This is a restricted version of the well-studied sleeping experts problem, itself a generalization of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Hamid Shayestehmanesh , Sajjad Azami , Nishant A. Mehta

We study a variant of the contextual bandit problem where an agent can intervene through a set of stochastic expert policies. Given a fixed context, each expert samples actions from a fixed conditional distribution. The agent seeks to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Nihal Sharma , Rajat Sen , Soumya Basu , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Sanjay Shakkottai

The contextual bandit has been identified as a powerful framework to formulate the recommendation process as a sequential decision-making process, where each item is regarded as an arm and the objective is to minimize the regret of $T$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Yikun Ban , Yunzhe Qi , Tianxin Wei , Lihui Liu , Jingrui He

We study the problem of learning Markov decision processes with finite state and action spaces when the transition probability distributions and loss functions are chosen adversarially and are allowed to change with time. We introduce an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-03-14 Yasin Abbasi-Yadkori , Peter L. Bartlett , Csaba Szepesvari

Online decision-making can be formulated as the popular stochastic multi-armed bandit problem where a learner makes decisions (or takes actions) to maximize cumulative rewards collected from an unknown environment. This paper proposes to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-26 Jonathan Gornet , Mehdi Hosseinzadeh , Bruno Sinopoli

Sequential decision-making algorithms such as multi-armed bandits can find optimal personalized decisions, but are notoriously sample-hungry. In personalized medicine, for example, training a bandit from scratch for every patient is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ahmet Zahid Balcıoğlu , Newton Mwai , Emil Carlsson , Fredrik D. Johansson

This paper studies the off-policy evaluation problem, where one aims to estimate the value of a target policy based on a sample of observations collected by another policy. We first consider the multi-armed bandit case, establish a minimax…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-09-15 Lihong Li , Remi Munos , Csaba Szepesvari

Many efficient algorithms with strong theoretical guarantees have been proposed for the contextual multi-armed bandit problem. However, applying these algorithms in practice can be difficult because they require domain expertise to build…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Adam N. Elmachtoub , Ryan McNellis , Sechan Oh , Marek Petrik

Many online applications running on live traffic are powered by machine learning models, for which training, validation, and hyper-parameter tuning are conducted on historical data. However, it is common for models demonstrating strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Jiayi Xie , Michael Tashman , John Hoffman , Lee Winikor , Rouzbeh Gerami

Recent years have seen the development of methods for multiagent planning under uncertainty that scale to tens or even hundreds of agents. However, most of these methods either make restrictive assumptions on the problem domain, or provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-07-21 Frans A. Oliehoek , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Stefan Witwicki

We consider the problem of decision-making under uncertainty in an environment with safety constraints. Many business and industrial applications rely on real-time optimization to improve key performance indicators. In the case of unknown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Buse Sibel Korkmaz , Marta Zagórowska , Mehmet Mercangöz

This paper investigates a change-point estimation problem in the context of high-dimensional Markov Random Field models. Change-points represent a key feature in many dynamically evolving network structures. The change-point estimate is…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-13 Sandipan Roy , Yves Atchade , George Michailidis

New ranking algorithms are continually being developed and refined, necessitating the development of efficient methods for evaluating these rankers. Online ranker evaluation focuses on the challenge of efficiently determining, from implicit…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Brian Brost , Yevgeny Seldin , Ingemar J. Cox , Christina Lioma

We develop algorithms with low regret for learning episodic Markov decision processes based on kernel approximation techniques. The algorithms are based on both the Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) as well as Posterior or Thompson Sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Sayak Ray Chowdhury , Aditya Gopalan

Combinatorial bandits extend the classical bandit framework to settings where the learner selects multiple arms in each round, motivated by applications such as online recommendation and assortment optimization. While extensions of upper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yuxiao Wen , Yanjun Han , Zhengyuan Zhou

Speculative decoding accelerates LLMs by using a lightweight draft model to generate tokens autoregressively before verifying them in parallel with a larger target model. However, determining the optimal number of tokens to draft remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Aditya Sridhar , Nish Sinnadurai , Sean Lie , Vithursan Thangarasa

The multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem models a decision-maker that optimizes its actions based on current and acquired new knowledge to maximize its reward. This type of online decision is prominent in many procedures of Brain-Computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Frida Heskebeck , Carolina Bergeling , Bo Bernhardsson
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