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We propose a model of quantum-like (QL) processing of mental information. This model is based on quantum information theory. However, in contrast to models of "quantum physical brain" reducing mental activity (at least at the highest level)…

General Physics · Physics 2012-10-09 Andrei Khrennikov

In this article, the notion of a mathematical model in science is attempted to be enlightened from several points of view. In particular, it is shown that mathematical models are introduced differently and used differently in different…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-05-25 Inge S. Helland

We present a quantum-like (QL) model in that contexts (complexes of e.g. mental, social, biological, economic or even political conditions) are represented by complex probability amplitudes. This approach gives the possibility to apply the…

General Physics · Physics 2016-11-23 Andrei Khrennikov

By uncovering the contrast between Artificial Intelligence and Natural-born Intelligence as a computational process, we define closed computing and open computing, and implement open computing within chemical reactions. This involves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yukio-Pegio Gunji , Andrew Adamatzky , Panagiotis Mougkogiannis , Andrei Khrenikov

The study of quantum dynamics featuring memory effects has always been a topic of interest within the theory of open quantum system, which is concerned about providing useful conceptual and theoretical tools for the description of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-25 Bassano Vacchini

The scope of this work is to provide a self-contained introduction to a selection of basic theoretical aspects in the modeling and control of quantum mechanical systems, as well as a brief survey on the main approaches to control synthesis.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-29 Claudio Altafini , Francesco Ticozzi

Measurement quantum mechanics, the theory of a quantum system which undergoes a measurement process, is introduced by a loop of mathematical equivalencies connecting previously proposed approaches. The unique phenomenological parameter of…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 Carlo Presilla , Roberto Onofrio , Ubaldo Tambini

I will show how an objective definition of the concept of information and the consideration of recent results about information-processing in the human brain help clarify some fundamental and often counter-intuitive aspects of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-23 Juan G. Roederer

While several paths have emerged in microelectronics and computing as follow-ons to Turing architectures, and have been implemented using essentially silicon circuits, very little beyond Moore research has considered: (1) first biological…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-09-27 P. N. Borza , L-F Pau

We propose a {\it quantum-like} (QL) model of the functioning of the brain. It should be sharply distinguished from the reductionist {\it quantum} model. By the latter cognition is created by {\it physical quantum processes} in the brain.…

General Physics · Physics 2010-11-30 Andrei Khrennikov

No quantum system can be considered totally isolated from its environment. In most cases the interaction between the system of interest and the external degrees of freedom deeply changes its dynamics, as described by open quantum system…

In this paper, we explore realist models of quantum theory that does not fit into the standard definitions of ontological models. The models here go beyond standard definition of ontological models in the sense that quantum states do not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-12 Tung Ten Yong

A review of the mechanisms of speciation is performed. The mechanisms of the evolution of species, taking into account the feedback of the state of the environment and mechanisms of the emergence of complexity, are considered. It is shown…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-18 Alexey V. Melkikh , Alexey V. Melkikh , Andrei Khrennikov

A precise understanding of the influence of a quantum system's environment on its dynamics, which is at the heart of the theory of open quantum systems, is crucial for further progress in the development of controllable large-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-10 I. A. Luchnikov , E. O. Kiktenko , M. A. Gavreev , H. Ouerdane , S. N. Filippov , A. K. Fedorov

Measurement is a fundamental operation in quantum computing and has many important use cases in quantum algorithms. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the basic measurement operations in quantum computing and represents a…

The purpose of this paper is to formalize the concept that best synthesizes our intuitive understanding of quantum mechanics -- that the information carried by a system is limited -- and, from this principle, to construct the foundations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-04 Paolo Ferro

Modelling quantum devices is to find a model according to quantum theory that can explain the result of experiments in a quantum device. We find that usually we cannot correctly identify the model describing the actual physics of the device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-08 Hang Ren , Ying Li

The measuring process is an external intervention in the dynamics of a quantum system. It involves a unitary interaction of that system with a measuring apparatus, a further interaction of both with an unknown environment causing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Asher Peres

Modeling and reasoning about concurrent quantum systems is very important both for distributed quantum computing and for quantum protocol verification. As a consequence, a general framework describing formally the communication and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-11-15 Yuan Feng , Runyao Duan , Zhengfeng Ji , Mingsheng Ying

The standard quantum formalism introduced at the undergraduate level treats measurement as an instantaneous collapse. In reality however, no physical process can occur over a truly infinitesimal time interval. A more subtle investigation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-22 Leigh S. Martin