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We introduce the quadratic balanced optimization problem (QBOP) which can be used to model equitable distribution of resources with pairwise interaction. QBOP is strongly NP-hard even if the family of feasible solutions has a very simple…
For the Newtonian (gravitational) $n$-body problem in the Euclidean $d$-dimensional space, $d\ge 2$, the simplest possible periodic solutions are provided by circular relative equilibria, (RE) for short, namely solutions in which each body…
According to the structural balance theory, a signed graph is considered structurally balanced when it can be partitioned into a number of modules such that positive and negative edges are respectively located inside and between the…
This article introduces a new class of fast algorithms to approximate variational problems involving unbalanced optimal transport. While classical optimal transport considers only normalized probability distributions, it is important for…
Motivated by Xia-Zhou's recent work on applying symmetry groups to the N-body problem, we will study relative equilibria of the equilateral triangle and the square configurations under $\alpha$-homogeneous and quasi-homogeneous potentials…
Moeckel (1990), Moeckel and Sim\'o (1995) proved that, while continuously changing the masses, a 946-body planar central configuration bifurcates into a spatial central configuration. We show that this kind of bifurcation does not occur…
Advances in the variational approach to the $n$-body problem have led to significant progress in celestial mechanics, uncovering new types of possible orbits. In this paper, critical points of the Lagrangian action associated with the…
In this paper we discuss the central configurations of the Trapezoidal four-body Problem. We consider four point masses on the vertices of an isosceles trapezoid with two equal masses $m_1=m_4$ at positions $(\mp 0.5, r_B)$ and $m_2=m_3$ at…
In this paper, we consider the elliptic relative equilibria of four-body problem with two infinitesimal masses. The most interesting case is when the two small masses tend to the same Lagrangian point $L_4$ (or $L_5$). In \cite{Xia}, Z. Xia…
Following Smale, we study simple symmetric mechanical systems of $n$ point particles in the plane. In particular, we address the question of the linear and spectral stability properties of relative equilibria, which are special solutions of…
We propose a simple method that allows, in one dimension, to solve exactly a wide class of classical stochastic many-body systems far from equilibrium. For the sake of illustration and without loss of generality, we focus on a model that…
In this paper we show that in the $n$-body problem with harmonic potential one can find a continuum of central configurations for $n=3$. Moreover we show a counterexample to an interpretation of Jerry Marsden Generalized Saari's conjecture.…
We classify the full set of convex central configurations in the Newtonian four-body problem. Particular attention is given to configurations possessing some type of symmetry or defining geometric property. Special cases considered include…
Stochastic spectral methods have achieved great success in the uncertainty quantification of many engineering problems, including electronic and photonic integrated circuits influenced by fabrication process variations. Existing techniques…
We study central configurations when the set of positions is symmetric. We use a theorem from representation theory of finite groups to explore the symmetry properties of equations for central configurations. This approach simplifies…
For $n$-body problem with arbitrary positive masses, we prove there are regularizable collinear periodic solutions for any ordering of the masses, going from a simultaneous binary collision to another in half of a period with half of the…
It is shown that in the planar equal-mass four-body problem, there exist two sets of new action minimizers connecting two planar boundary configurations with fixed symmetry axes and specific order constraints on the four bodies: a double…
We consider the equilibria of point particles under the action of two body central forces in which there are both repulsive and attractive interactions, often known as central configurations, with diverse applications in physics, in…
We present a variational approach to obtain periodic solutions of the $N$-body problem, in particular the 'figure-eight' solution for three equal masses. The central idea is to explicitly optimize the \emph{spatial scale} within the…
The large sparse linear systems arising from the finite element or finite difference discretization of elliptic PDEs can be solved directly via, e.g., nested dissection or multifrontal methods. Such techniques reorder the nodes in the grid…