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We derive an analytical expression for extracting the gravitational waveforms at null infinity using the Weyl scalar $\psi_4$ measured at a finite radius. Our expression is based on a series solution in orders of 1/r to the equations for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-11 H. Nakano , J. Healy , C. O. Lousto , Y. Zlochower

We present the recent results of a research project aimed at constructing a robust wave extraction technique for numerical relativity. Our procedure makes use of Weyl scalars to achieve wave extraction. It is well known that, with a correct…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Andrea Nerozzi , Marco Bruni , Lior M. Burko , Virginia Re

Wave extraction plays a fundamental role in the binary black hole simulations currently performed in numerical relativity. Having a well defined procedure for wave extraction, which matches simplicity with efficiency, is critical especially…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Andrea Nerozzi

We present convergent gravitational waveforms extracted from three-dimensional, numerical simulations in the wave zone and with causally disconnected boundaries. These waveforms last for multiple periods and are very accurate, showing a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 David R. Fiske , John G. Baker , James R. van Meter , Dae-Il Choi , Joan M. Centrella

We extract gravitational waveforms from numerical simulations of black hole binaries computed using the Spectral Einstein Code. We compare two extraction methods: direct construction of the Newman-Penrose (NP) scalar $\Psi_4$ at a finite…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-12-16 Nicholas W. Taylor , Michael Boyle , Christian Reisswig , Mark A. Scheel , Tony Chu , Lawrence E. Kidder , Bela Szilagyi

We present an improved spectral algorithm for Cauchy-characteristic extraction and characteristic evolution of gravitational waves in numerical relativity. The new algorithms improve spectral convergence both at the poles of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-28 Kevin Barkett , Jordan Moxon , Mark A. Scheel , Béla Szilágyi

We present a new expression for the Weyl scalar Psi_4 that can be used in numerical relativity to extract the gravitational wave content of a spacetime. The formula relies upon the identification of transverse tetrads, namely the ones in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-12 Andrea Nerozzi , Oliver Elbracht

We develop, test and compare new numerical and geometrical methods for improving the accuracy of extracting waveforms using characteristic evolution. The new numerical method involves use of circular boundaries to the stereographic grid…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-14 M. C. Babiuc , N. T. Bishop , B. Szilagyi , J. Winicour

Gravitational waves are one of the most important diagnostic tools in the analysis of strong-gravity dynamics and have been turned into an observational channel with LIGO's detection of GW150914. Aside from their importance in astrophysics,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-18 William G. Cook , Ulrich Sperhake

The accurate modeling of gravitational radiation is a key issue for gravitational wave astronomy. As simulation codes reach higher accuracy, systematic errors inherent in current numerical relativity wave-extraction methods become evident,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-03-26 C. Reisswig , N. T. Bishop , D. Pollney , B. Szilagyi

We revisit the problem of gravitational-wave extraction in numerical relativity with gauge-invariant metric perturbation theory of spherical spacetimes. Our extraction algorithm allows the computation of even-parity (Zerilli-Moncrief) and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-07 Joan Fontbuté , Sebastiano Bernuzzi , Simone Albanesi , David Radice , Alireza Rashti , William Cook , Boris Daszuta , Alessandro Nagar

A numerical-relativity calculation yields in general a solution of the Einstein equations including also a radiative part, which is in practice computed in a region of finite extent. Since gravitational radiation is properly defined only at…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-02-08 Nigel T. Bishop , Luciano Rezzolla

We present a framework to propagate to null infinity gravitational waves computed at timelike worldtubes in the interior of a 3+1 (Cauchy) numerical relativity simulations. In our method, numerical relativity data are used as the inner…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-25 Sebastiano Bernuzzi , Joan Fontbuté , Simone Albanesi , Anil Zenginoğlu

We develop and calibrate a characteristic waveform extraction tool whose major improvements and corrections of prior versions allow satisfaction of the accuracy standards required for advanced LIGO data analysis. The extraction tool uses a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-26 M. C. Babiuc , B. Szilagyi , J. Winicour , Y. Zlochower

We extract the Weyl scalars $\Psi_0$ and $\Psi_4$ in the quasi-Kinnersley tetrad by finding initially the (gauge--, tetrad--, and background--independent) transverse quasi-Kinnersley frame. This step still leaves two undetermined degrees of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Lior M. Burko

Two complementary techniques are developed for obtaining the asymptotic form of gravitational-wave data at large radii from numerical simulations, in the form of easily implemented algorithms. It is shown that, without extrapolation,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-01-07 Michael Boyle , Abdul H. Mroué

The main aim of this study is the comparison of gravitational waveforms obtained from numerical simulations which employ different numerical evolution approaches and different wave-extraction techniques. For this purpose, we evolve an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-03-11 Luca Baiotti , Sebastiano Bernuzzi , Giovanni Corvino , Roberto De Pietri , Alessandro Nagar

We present a method for extracting gravitational waves from numerical spacetimes which generalizes and refines one of the standard methods based on the Regge--Wheeler--Zerilli perturbation formalism. [abridged] We then present fully…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Enrique Pazos , Ernst Nils Dorband , Alessandro Nagar , Carlos Palenzuela , Erik Schnetter , Manuel Tiglio

Gravitational waves provide a powerful enhancement to our understanding of fundamental physics. To make the most of their detection we need to accurately model the entire process of their emission and propagation toward interferometers.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-22 Thanasis Giannakopoulos , Nigel T. Bishop , David Hilditch , Denis Pollney , Miguel Zilhão

We present several improvements to the Cauchy-characteristic evolution procedure that generates high-fidelity gravitational waveforms at $\mathcal{I}^+$ from numerical relativity simulations. Cauchy-characteristic evolution combines an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-24 Jordan Moxon , Mark A. Scheel , Saul A. Teukolsky
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