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The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is widely used for analyzing non-stationary signals. However, its performance is highly sensitive to its parameters, and manual or heuristic tuning often yields suboptimal results. To overcome this…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Maxime Leiber , Yosra Marnissi , Axel Barrau , Sylvain Meignen , Laurent Massoulié

This paper presents a gradient-based method for on-the-fly optimization for both per-frame and per-frequency window length of the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), related to previous work in which we developed a differentiable version…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-07 Maxime Leiber , Yosra Marnissi , Axel Barrau , Mohammed El Badaoui

In this paper, we propose a differentiable version of the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) that allows for gradient-based optimization of the hop length or the frame temporal position by making these parameters continuous. Our approach…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-07 Maxime Leiber , Yosra Marnissi , Axel Barrau , Mohammed El Badaoui

In audio processing applications, phase retrieval (PR) is often performed from the magnitude of short-time Fourier transform (STFT) coefficients. Although PR performance has been observed to depend on the considered STFT parameters and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-10 Andrés Marafioti , Nicki Holighaus , Piotr Majdak

The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) usually computes the same number of frequency components as the frame length while overlapping adjacent time frames by more than half. As a result, the number of components of a spectrogram matrix…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-29 Daichi Kitahara

The synchrosqueezing transform, a kind of reassignment method, aims to sharpen the time-frequency representation and to separate the components of a multicomponent non-stationary signal. In this paper, we consider the short-time Fourier…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-27 Lin Li , Haiyan Cai , Hongxia Han , Qingtang Jiang , Hongbing Ji

In this paper, we revisit the use of spectrograms in neural networks, by making the window length a continuous parameter optimizable by gradient descent instead of an empirically tuned integer-valued hyperparameter. The contribution is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Maxime Leiber , Axel Barrau , Yosra Marnissi , Dany Abboud

We consider the classical 1D phase retrieval problem. In order to overcome the difficulties associated with phase retrieval from measurements of the Fourier magnitude, we treat recovery from the magnitude of the short-time Fourier transform…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-23 Yonina C. Eldar , Pavel Sidorenko , Dustin G. Mixon , Shaby Barel , Oren Cohen

We address the problem of recovering a signal (up to global phase) from its short-time Fourier transform (STFT) magnitude measurements. This problem arises in several applications, including optical imaging and speech processing. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-10-06 Tamir Bendory , Yonina C. Eldar

The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) represents a window of audio samples as a set of complex coefficients. These are advantageously viewed as magnitudes and phases and the overall distribution of phases is very often assumed to be…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-16 Stephen D. Voran

Computing the Sparse Fast Fourier Transform(sFFT) of a K-sparse signal of size N has emerged as a critical topic for a long time. The sFFT algorithms decrease the runtime and sampling complexity by taking advantage of the signal inherent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-12 Bin Li , Zhikang Jiang , Jie Chen

In recent years, the synchrosqueezing transform (SST) has gained popularity as a method for the analysis of signals that can be broken down into multiple components determined by instantaneous amplitudes and phases. One such version of SST,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-09-20 Alexander Berrian , Naoki Saito

Simulating the long-term dynamics of multi-scale and multi-physics systems poses a significant challenge in understanding complex phenomena across science and engineering. The complexity arises from the intricate interactions between scales…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Da Long , Shandian Zhe , Samuel Williams , Leonid Oliker , Zhe Bai

Many audio signal processing methods are formulated in the time-frequency (T-F) domain which is obtained by the short-time Fourier transform (STFT). The properties of the STFT are fully characterized by window function, number of frequency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-05 Tsubasa Kusano , Yoshiki Masuyama , Kohei Yatabe , Yasuhiro Oikawa

The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is a time-frequency representation widely used in applications, for example in audio signal processing. Recently it has been shown that not only the amplitude, but also the phase of this…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2015-11-20 Peter Balazs , Dominik Bayer , Florent Jaillet , Peter Søndergaard

Deep learning based speech enhancement in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain typically uses a large window length such as 32 ms. A larger window can lead to higher frequency resolution and potentially better enhancement. This…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Zhong-Qiu Wang , Gordon Wichern , Shinji Watanabe , Jonathan Le Roux

In this paper we consider Sparse Fourier Transform (SFT) algorithms for approximately computing the best $s$-term approximation of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) $\mathbf{\hat{f}} \in \mathbb{C}^N$ of any given input vector…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-06-12 Sami Merhi , Ruochuan Zhang , Mark A. Iwen , Andrew Christlieb

The Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) is a classic signal processing algorithm that is utilized in a wide range of applications. For image processing, FFT computes on every pixel's value of an image, regardless of their properties in frequency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-25 Sheng Shi , Runkai Yang , Haihang You

The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) provides the foundation of binary-mask based audio source separation approaches. In computing a spectrogram, the STFT window size parameterizes the trade-off between time and frequency resolution.…

Sound · Computer Science 2015-04-29 Andrew J. R. Simpson

Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is the most common window-based approach for analyzing the spectrotemporal dynamics of time series. To mitigate the effects of high variance on the spectral estimates due to finite-length, independent…

Applications · Statistics 2022-01-19 Andrew H. Song , Seong-Eun Kim , Emery N. Brown
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