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Spectral interference, the frequency counterpart of the beating phenomenon in the time domain, can severely distort time-frequency representations (TFRs) in physical applications. We study this phenomenon for the short-time Fourier…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Shrikant Chand , James Nolen , Hau-Tieng Wu

The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) represents a window of audio samples as a set of complex coefficients. These are advantageously viewed as magnitudes and phases and the overall distribution of phases is very often assumed to be…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-16 Stephen D. Voran

The synchrosqueezing transform, a kind of reassignment method, aims to sharpen the time-frequency representation and to separate the components of a multicomponent non-stationary signal. In this paper, we consider the short-time Fourier…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-27 Lin Li , Haiyan Cai , Hongxia Han , Qingtang Jiang , Hongbing Ji

The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is widely used for analyzing non-stationary signals. However, its performance is highly sensitive to its parameters, and manual or heuristic tuning often yields suboptimal results. To overcome this…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Maxime Leiber , Yosra Marnissi , Axel Barrau , Sylvain Meignen , Laurent Massoulié

The Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) has been a staple of signal processing, often being the first step for many audio tasks. A very familiar process when using the STFT is the search for the best STFT parameters, as they often have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-17 An Zhao , Krishna Subramani , Paris Smaragdis

The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is widely used to analyze the spectra of temporal signals that vary through time. Signals defined over graphs, due to their intrinsic complexity, exhibit large variations in their patterns. In this…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-01-27 Mariano Tepper , Guillermo Sapiro

In recent years, the synchrosqueezing transform (SST) has gained popularity as a method for the analysis of signals that can be broken down into multiple components determined by instantaneous amplitudes and phases. One such version of SST,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-09-20 Alexander Berrian , Naoki Saito

Algorithms for processing data in short-time batches are critical for both online and offline processing of streamed and large data respectively due to the quadratic relation between signal length and computational cost of convolution-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Sreeraj Rajindran Nair , Benjamin Southwell , Christopher Ferrie

Recently the study of modeling a non-stationary signal as a superposition of amplitude and frequency-modulated Fourier-like oscillatory modes has been a very active research area. The synchrosqueezing transform (SST) is a powerful method…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-12-31 Haiyan Cai , Qingtang Jiang , Lin Li , Bruce W. Suter

The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) provides the foundation of binary-mask based audio source separation approaches. In computing a spectrogram, the STFT window size parameterizes the trade-off between time and frequency resolution.…

Sound · Computer Science 2015-04-29 Andrew J. R. Simpson

In this paper we investigate new results on the theory of superoscillations using time-frequency analysis tools and techniques such as the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and the Zak transform. We start by studying how the short-time…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-18 Daniel Alpay , Antonino De Martino , Kamal Diki , Daniele C. Struppa

In this paper, we revisit the use of spectrograms in neural networks, by making the window length a continuous parameter optimizable by gradient descent instead of an empirically tuned integer-valued hyperparameter. The contribution is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Maxime Leiber , Axel Barrau , Yosra Marnissi , Dany Abboud

The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is a time-frequency representation widely used in applications, for example in audio signal processing. Recently it has been shown that not only the amplitude, but also the phase of this…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2015-11-20 Peter Balazs , Dominik Bayer , Florent Jaillet , Peter Søndergaard

An adaptive time-frequency representation (TFR) with higher energy concentration usually requires higher complexity. Recently, a low-complexity adaptive short-time Fourier transform (ASTFT) based on the chirp rate has been proposed. To…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-26 Soo-Chang Pei , Shih-Gu Huang

Deep learning based speech enhancement in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain typically uses a large window length such as 32 ms. A larger window can lead to higher frequency resolution and potentially better enhancement. This…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Zhong-Qiu Wang , Gordon Wichern , Shinji Watanabe , Jonathan Le Roux

This paper presents a gradient-based method for on-the-fly optimization for both per-frame and per-frequency window length of the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), related to previous work in which we developed a differentiable version…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-07 Maxime Leiber , Yosra Marnissi , Axel Barrau , Mohammed El Badaoui

Resampling by interpolation is the traditional method to process interferograms from non-uniformly sampled Fourier transform spectrometers. The non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) is an alternative approach that has been mostly…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-12-10 Muqian Wen , John Houlihan

This paper proposes a new loss using short-time Fourier transform (STFT) spectra for the aim of training a high-performance neural speech waveform model that predicts raw continuous speech waveform samples directly. Not only amplitude…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-10-31 Shinji Takaki , Toru Nakashika , Xin Wang , Junichi Yamagishi

The Fractional Fourier Transform (FRT) corresponds to an arbitrary-angle rotation in the phase space, e.g. the time-frequency (TF) space, and generalizes the fundamentally important Fourier Transform. FRT applications range from classical…

Optics · Physics 2024-03-06 Michał Lipka , Michał Parniak

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) relies on the HRV frequency-domain analysis techniques. It requires re-sampling of the inherently unevenly sampled heartbeat time-series (RR tachogram) to produce an evenly sampled time series of the heartbeat.…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-08-04 Amin Gasmi
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