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Double-plane gravitational lensing is a rare but increasingly observed phenomenon in which the light from a distant source is lensed by two foreground objects at different redshifts. Such systems can be used to provide simultaneous…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-04 Daniel Johnson , Pierre Fleury , Martin Millon

The theory of gravitational lensing has revealed many generic and fundamental properties of compact objects like black holes and wormholes. In this article, we utilize a recent formulation to compute the quantum effects on the deflection…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-11 Kimet Jusufi , Farook Rahaman , Ayan Banerjee

In this work, we study the gravitational lensing by a Lorentz-violating (LV) black hole inspired by the recent contribution [1]. Explicitly, we concentrate on a specific application: we perform the computation of gravitational lensing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-21 A. A. Araújo Filho , J. R. Nascimento , A. Yu. Petrov , P. J. Porfírio

In this article, we study regular scale-dependent black holes as gravitational lenses. We obtain the deflection angle in the strong deflection limit, from which we calculate the positions and the magnifications of the relativistic images.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-11 Carlos M. Sendra

The next generation of telescopes will usher in an era of precision cosmology, capable of determining the cosmological model to beyond the percent level. For this to be effective, the theoretical model must be understood to at least the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Obinna Umeh , Chris Clarkson , Roy Maartens

We study the light rays in a static and spherically symmetric gravitational field of null aether theory (NAT). To this end, we employ the Gauss-Bonnet theorem to compute the deflection angle by a NAT black hole in the weak limit…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-12 A. Övgün , İ. Sakallı , J. Saavedra

We develop a non--perturbative method that yields analytical expressions for the deflection angle of light in a general static and spherically symmetric metric. It is an improvement on a method previously devised by the authors, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Paolo Amore , Mayra Cervantes , Arturo De Pace , Francisco M. Fernandez

We consider the Brill metric which is an electrovacuum solution to Einstein's field equation. It depends on three parameters, a mass parameter $m$, a NUT parameter $l$ and a charge parameter $e$. If the charge parameter is small, the metric…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-02 Mourad Halla , Volker Perlick

Gravitational lensing in metric theories of gravity is discussed. I introduce a generalized approximate metric element, inclusive of both post-post-Newtonian (ppN) contributions and gravito-magnetic field. Following Fermat's principle and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Sereno

In this paper, we use the metric coefficients and the equation of motion in the 2nd post-Newtonian approximation in scalar-tensor theory including intermediate range gravity to derive the deflection of light and compare it with previous…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Peng Dong , Wei-Tou Ni

The geodesic deviation equation (`GDE') provides an elegant tool to investigate the timelike, null and spacelike structure of spacetime geometries. Here we employ the GDE to review these structures within the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-14 George F R Ellis , Henk van Elst

We discuss a possible extension of calculations of the bending angle of light in a static, spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat spacetime to a non-asymptotically flat case. We examine a relation between the bending angle of light…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-10-19 Asahi Ishihara , Yusuke Suzuki , Toshiaki Ono , Takao Kitamura , Hideki Asada

The deflection of light rays near gravitating objects can be influenced not only by gravity itself but also by the surrounding medium. Analytical studies of such effects are possible within the geometrical optics approximation, where the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-03 Christian Pfeifer , Barbora Bezděková , Oleg Yu. Tsupko

We study the deflection of light (and the redshift, or integrated time delay) caused by the time-dependent gravitational field generated by a localized material source lying close to the line of sight. Our calculation explicitly takes into…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Thibault Damour , Gilles Esposito-Farese

We compute the deflection angle to order (m/r_0)^2 and m/r_0*Lambda r_0^2 for a light ray traveling in a flat LambdaCDM cosmology which encounters a completely condensed mass region. We use a Swiss cheese model for the inhomogeneities and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Ronald Kantowski , Bin Chen , Xinyu Dai

The geodesic deviation equation (GDE) describes the tendency of objects to accelerate towards or away from each other due to spacetime curvature. The GDE assumes that nearby geodesics have a small rate of separation, which is formally…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-28 Isaac Raj Waldstein , J. David Brown

Gravitational lensing by the light sphere of compact objects like black holes and wormholes will give us information on the compact objects. In this paper, we provide an improved strong deflection limit analysis in a general asymptotically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-24 Naoki Tsukamoto

In a previous article concerning image distortion in non-perturbative gravitational lensing theory we described how to introduce shape and distortion parameters for small sources. We also showed how they could be expressed in terms of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Simonetta Frittelli , Thomas P. Kling , Ezra T. Newman

We interpret the well known fact that the equations for light rays in the Kottler or Schwarzschild-de Sitter metric are independent of the cosmological constant in terms of the projective equivalence of the optical metric for any value of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-12-18 G. W. Gibbons , C. M. Warnick , M. C. Werner

Following Sereno (2002a), we discuss the bending of light rays by spherically symmetric lenses with angular momentum. For several astrophysical systems, such as white dwarfs and galaxies, gravitomagnetism induces a correction on the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Sereno , V. F. CArdone