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Deep state space models (SSMs) are an actively researched model class for temporal models developed in the deep learning community which have a close connection to classic SSMs. The use of deep SSMs as a black-box identification model can…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-21 Daniel Gedon , Niklas Wahlström , Thomas B. Schön , Lennart Ljung

State-space models (SSMs) are commonly used to model time series data where the observations depend on an unobserved latent process. However, inference on the model parameters of an SSM can be challenging, especially when the likelihood of…

Computation · Statistics 2023-08-08 Mary Llewellyn , Ruth King , Víctor Elvira , Gordon Ross

Hidden Markov Model (HMM) combined with Gaussian Process (GP) emission can be effectively used to estimate the hidden state with a sequence of complex input-output relational observations. Especially when the spectral mixture (SM) kernel is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Yohan Jung , Jinkyoo Park

Video anomaly detection is a challenging task due to the lack in approaches for representing samples. The visual representations of most existing approaches are limited by short-term sequences of observations which cannot provide enough…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Yalong Jiang , Changkang Li

We study the class of state-space models and perform maximum likelihood estimation for the model parameters. We consider a stochastic approximation expectation-maximization (SAEM) algorithm to maximize the likelihood function with the…

Computation · Statistics 2017-10-25 Umberto Picchini , Adeline Samson

We consider the problem of performing parameter and state inference in a state-space model (SSM) parametrized by a static parameter $\theta$. A popular idea to address this problem consists of incorporating $\theta$ in the state of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Yuan Chen , Mathieu Gerber , Christophe Andrieu , Randal Douc

We propose a method for inference on moderately high-dimensional, nonlinear, non-Gaussian, partially observed Markov process models for which the transition density is not analytically tractable. Markov processes with intractable transition…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-04-02 Joonha Park , Edward L. Ionides

We propose a new class of filtering and smoothing methods for inference in high-dimensional, nonlinear, non-Gaussian, spatio-temporal state-space models. The main idea is to combine the ensemble Kalman filter and smoother, developed in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-22 Matthias Katzfuss , Jonathan R. Stroud , Christopher K. Wikle

In this paper, we consider the filtering and smoothing recursions in nonparametric finite state space hidden Markov models (HMMs) when the parameters of the model are unknown and replaced by estimators. We provide an explicit and time…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-24 Yohann De Castro , Elisabeth Gassiat , Sylvain Le Corff

Kalman filtering and smoothing are the foundational mechanisms for efficient inference in Gauss-Markov models. However, their time and memory complexities scale prohibitively with the size of the state space. This is particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Marvin Pförtner , Jonathan Wenger , Jon Cockayne , Philipp Hennig

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are probabilistic functions of finite Markov chains, or, put in other words, state space models with finite state space. In this paper, we examine subspace estimation methods for HMMs whose output lies a finite…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-20 Sofia Andersson , Tobias Rydén

This paper presents a new filter for state-space models based on Bellman's dynamic-programming principle, allowing for nonlinearity, non-Gaussianity and degeneracy in the observation and/or state-transition equations. The resulting Bellman…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-18 Rutger-Jan Lange

We present a variational method for online state estimation and parameter learning in state-space models (SSMs), a ubiquitous class of latent variable models for sequential data. As per standard batch variational techniques, we use…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-16 Andrew Campbell , Yuyang Shi , Tom Rainforth , Arnaud Doucet

This paper studies sequence modeling for prediction tasks with long range dependencies. We propose a new formulation for state space models (SSMs) based on learning linear dynamical systems with the spectral filtering algorithm (Hazan et…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Naman Agarwal , Daniel Suo , Xinyi Chen , Elad Hazan

Data assimilation methods aim at estimating the state of a system by combining observations with a physical model. When sequential data assimilation is considered, the joint distribution of the latent state and the observations is described…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-23 Thi Tuyet Trang Chau , Pierre Ailliot , Valérie Monbet , Pierre Tandeo

We extend the linear mixed-effects state model to accommodate the correlated individuals and investigate its parameter and state estimation based on disturbance smoothing in this paper. For parameter estimation, EM and score based…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-09-03 Jie Zhou , Aiping Tang

Models of dynamical systems based on predictive state representations (PSRs) are defined strictly in terms of observable quantities, in contrast with traditional models (such as Hidden Markov Models) that use latent variables or statespace…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-09 Matthew Rudary , Satinder Singh , David Wingate

Likelihood-free inference methods based on neural conditional density estimation were shown to drastically reduce the simulation burden in comparison to classical methods such as ABC. When applied in the context of any latent variable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-06 Sanmitra Ghosh , Paul J. Birrell , Daniela De Angelis

We introduce a new procedure to neuralize unsupervised Hidden Markov Models in the continuous case. This provides higher flexibility to solve problems with underlying latent variables. This approach is evaluated on both synthetic and real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Firas Jarboui , Vianney Perchet

We consider the problem of high-dimensional filtering of state-space models (SSMs) at discrete times. This problem is particularly challenging as analytical solutions are typically not available and many numerical approximation methods can…

Computation · Statistics 2022-01-13 Hamza Ruzayqat , Aimad Er-Raiy , Alexandros Beskos , Dan Crisan , Ajay Jasra , Nikolas Kantas