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We introduce a novel conditional density estimation model termed the conditional density operator (CDO). It naturally captures multivariate, multimodal output densities and shows performance that is competitive with recent neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Ingmar Schuster , Mattes Mollenhauer , Stefan Klus , Krikamol Muandet

Matrix Product Operators (MPOs) are tensor networks representing operators acting on 1D systems. They model a wide variety of situations, including communication channels with memory effects, quantum cellular automata, mixed states in 1D…

We consider several observers who monitor different parts of the environment of a single quantum system and use their data to deduce its state. We derive a set of conditional stochastic master equations that describe the evolution of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Jacek Dziarmaga , Diego A. R. Dalvit , Wojciech H. Zurek

Quantum many-body Gibbs states satisfy an approximate local Markov property~\cite{chen2025GibbsMarkov}: local noise can be approximately recovered by a quasi-local recovery map, and the conditional mutual information decays for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Chi-Fang Chen

Classical and quantum Markov networks -- including Gibbs states of commuting local Hamiltonians -- are characterized by the vanishing of conditional mutual information (CMI) between spatially separated subsystems. Adding local dissipation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-20 Yifan Zhang , Sarang Gopalakrishnan

We develop a framework for Matrix Product Quantum Channels (MPQCs), a one-dimensional tensor-network description of completely positive, trace-preserving maps. We focus on translation-invariant channels, generated by a single repeated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Giorgio Stucchi , J. Ignacio Cirac , Rahul Trivedi , Georgios Styliaris

The study of generic properties of quantum states has led to an abundance of insightful results. A meaningful set of states that can be efficiently prepared in experiments are ground states of gapped local Hamiltonians, which are well…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-03 Jonas Haferkamp , Christian Bertoni , Ingo Roth , Jens Eisert

We prove that every injective Matrix Product State is the unique ground state of a simple hopping theory. We start by studying the low energy spectrum of parent Hamiltonians of injective Matrix Product States in a particular long range and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-23 Benoît Descamps

Quantum state tomography (QST) remains the gold standard for benchmarking and verification of near-term quantum devices. While QST for a generic quantum many-body state requires an exponentially large amount of resources, most physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-15 Casey Jameson , Zhen Qin , Alireza Goldar , Michael B. Wakin , Zhihui Zhu , Zhexuan Gong

Matrix product states (MPS) are a central language for one-dimensional quantum matter and a practical target for near-term quantum simulators and variational algorithms. Yet, while substantial effort has focused on preparing MPS with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Hyunho Cha , Subin Kim , Jungwoo Lee

Matrix product operators (MPOs) provide a scalable approach for quantum state tomography (QST) by offering a compact representation of many-body mixed states with limited entanglement, using only a number of parameters that scales…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Jian-Feng Cai , Jingyang Li , Xiaoqun Zhang , Yuanwei Zhang

We present the explicit expressions for the matrix product operator (MPO) representation for the local conserved quantities of the Heisenberg chain. The bond dimension of the MPO grows linearly with the locality of the charges. The MPO has…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-11-03 Kyoichi Yamada , Kohei Fukai

The reconstruction of quantum states from experimental measurements, often achieved using quantum state tomography (QST), is crucial for the verification and benchmarking of quantum devices. However, performing QST for a generic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-07 Zhen Qin , Casey Jameson , Zhexuan Gong , Michael B. Wakin , Zhihui Zhu

The matrix product state (MPS) is utilized to study the ground state properties and quantum phase transitions (QPTs) of the one-dimensional quantum compass model (QCM). The MPS wavefunctions are argued to be very efficient descriptions of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2012-06-05 Guang-Hua Liu , Wei Li , Wen-Long You , Guang-Shan Tian , Gang Su

We study asymptotic behavior of Monte Carlo method. Local consistency is one of an ideal property of Monte Carlo method. However, it may fail to hold local consistency for several reason. In fact, in practice, it is more important to study…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-06-23 Kengo Kamatani

The simulation of quantum systems is a task for which quantum computers are believed to give an exponential speedup as compared to classical ones. While ground states of one-dimensional systems can be efficiently approximated using Matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Norbert Schuch , Michael M. Wolf , Karl Gerd H. Vollbrecht , J. Ignacio Cirac

A set of multipartite orthogonal product states is locally irreducible, if it is not possible to eliminate one or more states from the set by orthogonality-preserving local measurements. An effective way to prove that a set is locally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-12 Fei Shi , Mao-Sheng Li , Mengyao Hu , Lin Chen , Man-Hong Yung , Yan-Ling Wang , Xiande Zhang

Reconstructing a quantum system's Hamiltonian from limited yet experimentally observable information is interesting both as a practical task and from a fundamental standpoint. We pose and investigate the inverse problem of reconstructing a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-09-12 Nisarga Paul , Andrew Ma , Kevin P. Nuckolls

Using the combination of a new effective Hamiltonian approach and hybrid Monte-Carlo simulations, we unveil a variety of partially magnetically ordered (PMO) phases in the Kondo lattice model. Our approximation is motivated by two crucial…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-11-05 Soumyaranjan Dash , Sanjeev Kumar

We study the classical compilation of quantum circuits for the preparation of matrix product states (MPS), which are quantum states of low entanglement with an efficient classical description. Our algorithm represents a near-term…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Refik Mansuroglu , Norbert Schuch