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Related papers: Temporal Difference Learning as Gradient Splitting

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This paper addresses the issue of policy evaluation in Markov Decision Processes, using linear function approximation. It provides a unified view of algorithms such as TD(lambda), LSTD(lambda), iLSTD, residual-gradient TD. It is asserted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Manuel Loth , Philippe Preux

Linear temporal logic (LTL) is a powerful language for task specification in reinforcement learning, as it allows describing objectives beyond the expressivity of conventional discounted return formulations. Nonetheless, recent works have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Marco Bagatella , Andreas Krause , Georg Martius

Emotions are intimately tied to motivation and the adaptation of behavior, and many animal species show evidence of emotions in their behavior. Therefore, emotions must be related to powerful mechanisms that aid survival, and, emotions must…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Joost Broekens

Recently, there have been numerous attempts to enhance the sample efficiency of off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) agents when interacting with the environment, including architecture improvements and new algorithms. Despite these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jiafei Lyu , Jingwen Yang , Zhongjian Qiao , Runze Liu , Zeyuan Liu , Deheng Ye , Zongqing Lu , Xiu Li

The family of temporal difference (TD) methods span a spectrum from computationally frugal linear methods like TD({\lambda}) to data efficient least squares methods. Least square methods make the best use of available data directly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-13 Yangchen Pan , Adam White , Martha White

Off-policy learning enables a reinforcement learning (RL) agent to reason counterfactually about policies that are not executed and is one of the most important ideas in RL. It, however, can lead to instability when combined with function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Xiaochi Qian , Shangtong Zhang

Recent research endeavours have theoretically shown the beneficial effect of cooperation in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). In a setting involving $N$ agents, this beneficial effect usually comes in the form of an $N$-fold linear…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Nicolò Dal Fabbro , Arman Adibi , Aritra Mitra , George J. Pappas

We show that running gradient descent with variable learning rate guarantees loss $f(x) \leq 1.1 \cdot f(x^*) + \epsilon$ for the logistic regression objective, where the error $\epsilon$ decays exponentially with the number of iterations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Kyriakos Axiotis , Maxim Sviridenko

Large language models have led to significant progress across many NLP tasks, although their massive sizes often incur substantial computational costs. Distillation has become a common practice to compress these large and highly capable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zishun Yu , Shangzhe Li , Xinhua Zhang

Temporal-difference learning is a popular algorithm for policy evaluation. In this paper, we study the convergence of the regularized non-parametric TD(0) algorithm, in both the independent and Markovian observation settings. In particular,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-25 Eloïse Berthier , Ziad Kobeissi , Francis Bach

We propose Fractional Policy Gradients (FPG), a reinforcement learning framework incorporating fractional calculus for long-term temporal modeling in policy optimization. Standard policy gradient approaches face limitations from Markovian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Urvi Pawar , Kunal Telangi

We study the convergence of off-policy TD(0) with linear function approximation when used to approximate the expected discounted reward in a Markov chain. It is well known that the combination of off-policy learning and function…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-02 Maik Overmars , Jasper Goseling , Richard Boucherie

Fractional derivatives are a well-studied generalization of integer order derivatives. Naturally, for optimization, it is of interest to understand the convergence properties of gradient descent using fractional derivatives. Convergence…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-05 Ashwani Aggarwal

In this paper, we introduce a method for adapting the step-sizes of temporal difference (TD) learning. The performance of TD methods often depends on well chosen step-sizes, yet few algorithms have been developed for setting the step-size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-11 Alex Kearney , Vivek Veeriah , Jaden B. Travnik , Richard S. Sutton , Patrick M. Pilarski

Emphatic algorithms are temporal-difference learning algorithms that change their effective state distribution by selectively emphasizing and de-emphasizing their updates on different time steps. Recent works by Sutton, Mahmood and White…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-07 A. Rupam Mahmood , Huizhen Yu , Martha White , Richard S. Sutton

Distributionally robust reinforcement learning (DRRL) focuses on designing policies that achieve good performance under model uncertainties. The goal is to maximize the worst-case long-term discounted reward, where the data for RL comes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Saptarshi Mandal , Yashaswini Murthy , R. Srikant

In practical reinforcement learning (RL), the discount factor used for estimating value functions often differs from that used for defining the evaluation objective. In this work, we study the effect that this discrepancy of discount…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Yunhao Tang , Mark Rowland , Rémi Munos , Michal Valko

When designing algorithms for finite-time-horizon episodic reinforcement learning problems, a common approach is to introduce a fictitious discount factor and use stationary policies for approximations. Empirically, it has been shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Xin Guo , Anran Hu , Junzi Zhang

In reinforcement learning, temporal difference-based algorithms can be sample-inefficient: for instance, with sparse rewards, no learning occurs until a reward is observed. This can be remedied by learning richer objects, such as a model of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Léonard Blier , Corentin Tallec , Yann Ollivier

General Value Function (GVF) is a powerful tool to represent both the {\em predictive} and {\em retrospective} knowledge in reinforcement learning (RL). In practice, often multiple interrelated GVFs need to be evaluated jointly with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Tengyu Xu , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Yingbin Liang