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We present a review of modern optical techniques being used and developed for the field of gravitational wave detection. We describe the current state-of-the-art of gravitational waves detector technologies with regard to optical layouts,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-06-27 G. Hammond , S. Hild , M. Pitkin

Ultracold atomic gases hold unique promise for space science by capitalizing on quantum advantages and extended freefall, afforded in a microgravity environment, to enable next-generation precision sensors. Atom interferometers are a class…

When completed, the gravitational wave detectors now proposed or under construction will provide us with a perspective on the Universe fundamentally different from any we have come to know. With this new perspective comes the hope that new…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Lee Samuel Finn

We describe a method for sensing short range forces using matter wave interference in dielectric nanospheres. When compared with atom interferometers, the larger mass of the nanosphere results in reduced wave packet expansion, enabling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-16 Andrew A. Geraci , Hart Goldman

In a recent paper, Wicht, L\"ammerzahl, Lorek, and Dittus [Phys. Rev. {\bf A 78}, 013610 (2008)] come to the conclusion that a molecular rotational-vibrational quantum interferometer may possess the sensitivity necessary to detect…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 I. B. Khriplovich , S. K. Lamoreaux , A. O. Sushkov , O. P. Sushkov

The research on cold-atom interferometers gathers a large community of about 50 groups worldwide both in the academic and now in the industrial sectors. The interest in this sub-field of quantum sensing and metrology lies in the large panel…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2020-11-11 Remi Geiger , Arnaud Landragin , Sébastien Merlet , Franck Pereira Dos Santos

There are new detector proposals and R&D that utilize quantum enhancements not previously adopted. Examples include superconducting quantum sensors, atom interferometry, and quantum spin sensors. They are mainly motivated by industrial…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-08-15 Masashi Hazumi

We propose an atom interferometer gravitational wave detector in low Earth orbit (AGIS-LEO). Gravitational waves can be observed by comparing a pair of atom interferometers separated over a ~30 km baseline. In the proposed configuration,…

A brief history and various themes of mid-frequency gravitational wave detection are presented more or less following historical order -- Laser Interferometry, Atom Interferometry (AI), Torsion Bar Antenna (TOBA), and Superconducting…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-14 Wei-Tou Ni

We propose two distinct atom interferometer gravitational wave detectors, one terrestrial and another satellite-based, utilizing the core technology of the Stanford 10 m atom interferometer presently under construction. Each configuration…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-01-07 Savas Dimopoulos , Peter W. Graham , Jason M. Hogan , Mark A. Kasevich , Surjeet Rajendran

Coating Brownian noise is the dominant noise term, in a frequency band from a few tens to a few hundreds Hz, for all Earth-bound detectors of gravitational waves. Minimizing such noise is mandatory to increase the visibility distance of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-19 Maria Principe

The detection of gravitational waves has ushered in a new era of observing the universe. Quantum resource advantages offer significant enhancements to the sensitivity of gravitational wave observatories. While squeezed states for…

Optics · Physics 2024-10-18 Li Gao , Li-ang Zheng , Bo Lu , Shaoping Shi , Long Tian , Yaohui Zheng

After giving a brief introduction and presenting a complete classification of gravitational waves (GWs) according to their frequencies, we review and summarize the detection methods, the sensitivities, and the sources. We notice that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-03 Kazuaki Kuroda , Wei-Tou Ni , Wei-Ping Pan

Future missions of gravitational-wave astronomy will be operated by space-based interferometers, covering very wide range of frequency. Search for stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds (GWBs) is one of the main targets for such…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Hideaki Kudoh , Atsushi Taruya , Takashi Hiramatsu , Yoshiaki Himemoto

One of the major challenges of mid-infrared astronomical heterodyne interferometry is its sensitivity limitations. Detectors capable of handling several 10 GHz bandwidths have been identified as key building blocks of future instruments.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-19 Tituan Allain , Mohammadreza Saemian , Carlo Sirtori , Jean-Philippe Berger

Matter-wave interferometry and spectroscopy of optomechanical resonators offer complementary advantages. Interferometry with cold atoms is employed for accurate and long-term stable measurements, yet it is challenged by its dynamic range…

Matter-wave interferometry is highly susceptible to inertial acceleration noises arising from the vibration of the experimental apparatus. There are various methods for noise suppression. In this paper, we propose leveraging the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Meng-Zhi Wu , Marko Toroš , Sougato Bose , Anupam Mazumdar

Quantum reflection occurs when ultra-cold atoms are incident on a material surface with sufficiently low velocity. The reflecting matter wave can interfere with the incident wave to form a detectable pattern, and this pattern contains…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2026-04-22 J. Boynewicz , C. A. Sackett

The new millennium will see the upcoming of several ground-based interferometric gravitational wave antennas. Within the next decade a space-based antenna may also begin to observe the distant Universe. These gravitational wave detectors…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 B. S. Sathyaprakash

"Quantum sensing" describes the use of a quantum system, quantum properties or quantum phenomena to perform a measurement of a physical quantity. Historical examples of quantum sensors include magnetometers based on superconducting quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-31 C. L. Degen , F. Reinhard , P. Cappellaro