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Gender bias in artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a pressing concern with profound implications for individuals' lives. This paper presents a comprehensive survey that explores gender bias in Transformer models from a linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Praneeth Nemani , Yericherla Deepak Joel , Palla Vijay , Farhana Ferdousi Liza

This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of demographic and linguistic biases in omnimodal language models that process text, images, audio, and video within a single framework. Although these models are being widely deployed, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Alaa Elobaid

Gender bias in machine translation (MT) systems poses significant challenges that often result in the reinforcement of harmful stereotypes. Especially in the labour domain where frequently occupations are inaccurately associated with…

As the demand for inclusive language increases, concern has grown over the susceptibility of machine translation (MT) systems to reinforce gender stereotypes. This study investigates gender bias in two commercial MT systems, Google…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Eleni Gkovedarou , Joke Daems , Luna De Bruyne

Speech translation has recently become an increasingly popular topic of research, partly due to the development of benchmark datasets. Nevertheless, current datasets cover a limited number of languages. With the aim to foster research in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Changhan Wang , Anne Wu , Juan Pino

While measuring bias and robustness in coreference resolution are important goals, such measurements are only as good as the tools we use to measure them. Winogender Schemas (Rudinger et al., 2018) are an influential dataset proposed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Vagrant Gautam , Julius Steuer , Eileen Bingert , Ray Johns , Anne Lauscher , Dietrich Klakow

When translating from notional gender languages (e.g., English) into grammatical gender languages (e.g., Italian), the generated translation requires explicit gender assignments for various words, including those referring to the speaker.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Marco Gaido , Dennis Fucci , Matteo Negri , Luisa Bentivogli

Avoiding the propagation of undue (binary) gender inferences and default masculine language remains a key challenge towards inclusive multilingual technologies, particularly when translating into languages with extensive gendered…

Gender inclusivity in language technologies has become a prominent research topic. In this study, we explore gender-neutral translation (GNT) as a form of gender inclusivity and a goal to be achieved by machine translation (MT) models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Andrea Piergentili , Dennis Fucci , Beatrice Savoldi , Luisa Bentivogli , Matteo Negri

Contextual word embeddings such as BERT have achieved state of the art performance in numerous NLP tasks. Since they are optimized to capture the statistical properties of training data, they tend to pick up on and amplify social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Keita Kurita , Nidhi Vyas , Ayush Pareek , Alan W Black , Yulia Tsvetkov

Machine Translation (MT) continues to improve in quality and adoption, yet the inadvertent perpetuation of gender bias remains a significant concern. Despite numerous studies into gender bias in translations from gender-neutral languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Spencer Rarrick , Ranjita Naik , Sundar Poudel , Vishal Chowdhary

Gender inequality is embedded in our communication practices and perpetuated in translation technologies. This becomes particularly apparent when translating into grammatical gender languages, where machine translation (MT) often defaults…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Andrea Piergentili , Beatrice Savoldi , Dennis Fucci , Matteo Negri , Luisa Bentivogli

We introduce MT-LENS, a framework designed to evaluate Machine Translation (MT) systems across a variety of tasks, including translation quality, gender bias detection, added toxicity, and robustness to misspellings. While several toolkits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Javier García Gilabert , Carlos Escolano , Audrey Mash , Xixian Liao , Maite Melero

Recent developments in Text Style Transfer have led this field to be more highlighted than ever. The task of transferring an input's style to another is accompanied by plenty of challenges (e.g., fluency and content preservation) that need…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Reza Khanmohammadi , Seyed Abolghasem Mirroshandel

As Machine Translation (MT) has become increasingly more powerful, accessible, and widespread, the potential for the perpetuation of bias has grown alongside its advances. While overt indicators of bias have been studied in machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Chloe Ciora , Nur Iren , Malihe Alikhani

In speech translation, leveraging multimodal data to improve model performance and address limitations of individual modalities has shown significant effectiveness. In this paper, we harness the complementary strengths of speech and text,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Wenbiao Yin , Zhicheng Liu , Chengqi Zhao , Tao Wang , Jian Tong , Rong Ye

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) continues to improve in quality and adoption, yet the inadvertent perpetuation of gender bias remains a significant concern. Despite numerous studies on gender bias in translations into English from weakly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Spencer Rarrick , Ranjita Naik , Sundar Poudel , Vishal Chowdhary

Accurately measuring gender stereotypical bias in language models is a complex task with many hidden aspects. Current benchmarks have underestimated this multifaceted challenge and failed to capture the full extent of the problem. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Mahdi Zakizadeh , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

Gender bias in language models has gained increasing attention in the field of natural language processing. Encoder-based transformer models, which have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various language tasks, have been shown to…

Obtaining meaningful quality scores for machine translation systems through human evaluation remains a challenge given the high variability between human evaluators, partly due to subjective expectations for translation quality for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Daniel Licht , Cynthia Gao , Janice Lam , Francisco Guzman , Mona Diab , Philipp Koehn