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While Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) empower Large Language Models to tackle complex reasoning tasks through collaborative interaction, optimizing their dynamics remains a formidable challenge due to the discrete, non-differentiable nature of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wenwu Li , Yuran Song , Mingze Zhao , Bo Jin , Wenhao Li

Coordinating multiple autonomous agents to reach a target region while avoiding collisions and maintaining communication connectivity is a core problem in multi-agent systems. In practice, agents have a limited communication range. Thus,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Shiyu Cheng , Luyao Niu , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Andrew Clark , Radha Poovendran

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is widely used to address large joint observation and action spaces by decomposing a centralized control problem into multiple interacting agents. However, such decomposition often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zijian Zhao , Jing Gao , Sen Li

Conventional multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods rely on time-triggered execution, where agents sample and communicate actions at fixed intervals. This approach is often computationally expensive and communication-intensive.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Umer Siddique , Abhinav Sinha , Yongcan Cao

The growing complexity of urban mobility and the demand for efficient, sustainable, and adaptive solutions have positioned Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) at the forefront of modern infrastructure innovation. At the core of ITS…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Rexcharles Donatus , Kumater Ter , Daniel Udekwe

In this work, we compare emergent communication (EC) built upon multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) and language-oriented semantic communication (LSC) empowered by a pre-trained large language model (LLM) using human language.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yongjun Kim , Sejin Seo , Jihong Park , Mehdi Bennis , Seong-Lyun Kim , Junil Choi

Inter-agent communication serves as an effective mechanism for enhancing performance in collaborative multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL) systems. However, the inherent communication latency in practical systems induces both action…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Qian Zhang , Zhuo Sun , Yao Zhang , Zhiwen Yu , Bin Guo , Jun Zhang

Emergent communication studies the development of language between autonomous agents, aiming to improve understanding of natural language evolution and increase communication efficiency. While temporal aspects of language have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Olaf Lipinski , Adam J. Sobey , Federico Cerutti , Timothy J. Norman

Various applications for inter-machine communications are on the rise. Whether it is for autonomous driving vehicles or the internet of everything, machines are more connected than ever to improve their performance in fulfilling a given…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Arsham Mostaani , Thang X. Vu , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Ottersten

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a crucial method for training or fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), enabling adaptive, task-specific optimizations through interactive feedback. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Junwei Su , Chuan Wu

Single-Agent (SA) Reinforcement Learning systems have shown outstanding re-sults on non-stationary problems. However, Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning(MARL) can surpass SA systems generally and when scaling. Furthermore, MAsystems can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Philipp Dominic Siedler

In recent years, multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms have made significant advancements in diverse gaming environments, leading to increased interest in the broader application of such techniques. To address the prevalent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Dapeng Li , Hang Dong , Lu Wang , Bo Qiao , Si Qin , Qingwei Lin , Dongmei Zhang , Qi Zhang , Zhiwei Xu , Bin Zhang , Guoliang Fan

Communication delays can be catastrophic for multiagent systems. However, most existing state-of-the-art multiagent trajectory planners assume perfect communication and therefore lack a strategy to rectify this issue in real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Kota Kondo , Reinaldo Figueroa , Juan Rached , Jesus Tordesillas , Parker C. Lusk , Jonathan P. How

Communication protocol design is a central challenge in large language model-based multi-agent systems. Existing single-channel approaches face an inherent communication trilemma: text-based methods are interpretable but verbose, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xinyi Mou , Siyuan Wang , Zejun Li , Yulan He , Zhongyu Wei

Exploration efficiency is a challenging problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), as the policy learned by confederate MARL depends on the collaborative approach among multiple agents. Another important problem is the less…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Qisheng Wang , Qichao Wang

Joint caching and transmission optimization problem is challenging due to the deep coupling between decisions. This paper proposes an iterative distributed multi-agent learning approach to jointly optimize caching and transmission. The goal…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Qirui Mi , Ning Yang , Haifeng Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Jun Wang

Effective communication is an essential component in collaborative multi-agent systems. Situations where explicit messaging is not feasible have been common in human society throughout history, which motivate the study of implicit…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Han Wang , Binbin Chen , Tieying Zhang , Baoxiang Wang

Traffic signal control systems (TSCSs) are integral to intelligent traffic management, fostering efficient vehicle flow. Traditional approaches often simplify road networks into standard graphs, which results in a failure to consider the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Kang Wang , Zhishu Shen , Zhen Lei , Tiehua Zhang

In multi-agent systems, agents possess only local observations of the environment. Communication between teammates becomes crucial for enhancing coordination. Past research has primarily focused on encoding local information into embedding…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Peihong Yu , Bhoram Lee , Aswin Raghavan , Supun Samarasekara , Pratap Tokekar , James Zachary Hare

Most real-world domains can be formulated as multi-agent (MA) systems. Intentionality sharing agents can solve more complex tasks by collaborating, possibly in less time. True cooperative actions are beneficial for egoistic and collective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Philipp Dominic Siedler